{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404132742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3488822","title":"Multiple Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Collaborative Wireless Localization System","display_name":"Multiple Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Collaborative Wireless Localization System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404132742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3488822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3488822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3488822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115053663","display_name":"Ziheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-1619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344189","display_name":"Wen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2133-8679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048817096","display_name":"Qingqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561564","display_name":"Zhendong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-193X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063037984","display_name":"Xusheng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-0373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xusheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084302554","display_name":"Jingfeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6383-6532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050651525","display_name":"Nan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-2071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115053663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87484744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"134","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.8841000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.8841000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.8075000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.7961999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7040694952011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6505324840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4640253186225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45154544711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34408456087112427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7040694952011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6505324840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4640253186225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45154544711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34408456087112427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3488822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3488822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3365405956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4420131350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7547104240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7974229517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029349326","https://openalex.org/W2101823128","https://openalex.org/W2152079373","https://openalex.org/W2559328514","https://openalex.org/W2969284583","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3002492686","https://openalex.org/W3088537232","https://openalex.org/W3128307304","https://openalex.org/W3131044282","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3134896931","https://openalex.org/W3167446209","https://openalex.org/W3167654865","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3197026645","https://openalex.org/W3203675995","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4226303164","https://openalex.org/W4283834347","https://openalex.org/W4285167935","https://openalex.org/W4301657906","https://openalex.org/W4312833915","https://openalex.org/W4313055888","https://openalex.org/W4361802445","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4387623863","https://openalex.org/W4389606845","https://openalex.org/W4394730874","https://openalex.org/W4394995003","https://openalex.org/W4399341548","https://openalex.org/W4400526165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"a":[3,117,162],"multiple":[4,13,58,140,156,229],"intelligent":[5],"reflecting":[6],"surfaces":[7],"(IRSs)":[8],"collaborative":[9,231],"localization":[10,128,232],"system":[11,233],"where":[12,197],"semi-passive":[14,35],"IRSs":[15,141,157,230],"are":[16,45,204],"deployed":[17],"in":[18,124,212],"the":[19,49,53,67,72,77,83,88,93,101,107,146,151,174,182,191,208,213,222,225,242],"network":[20],"to":[21,47,57,82,121,172,189,206,235],"locate":[22],"one":[23],"or":[24],"more":[25],"targets":[26,59],"based":[27,165],"on":[28,66,166],"time-of-arrival.":[29],"It":[30],"is":[31,37,112,187],"assumed":[32],"that":[33],"each":[34],"IRS":[36,143],"equipped":[38],"with":[39,80],"reflective":[40],"elements":[41],"and":[42,60,91,99,126,142,160,200,210],"sensors,":[43],"which":[44],"used":[46,188],"establish":[48],"line-of-sight":[50],"links":[51],"from":[52],"base":[54],"station":[55],"(BS)":[56],"process":[61],"echo":[62,78],"signals,":[63],"respectively.":[64,216],"Based":[65],"above":[68],"model,":[69],"we":[70,115,149],"derive":[71,150],"Fisher":[73],"information":[74],"matrix":[75],"of":[76,170,224],"signal":[79],"respect":[81],"time":[84,97],"delay.":[85],"By":[86],"employing":[87],"chain":[89],"rule":[90],"exploiting":[92],"geometric":[94],"relationship":[95],"between":[96],"delay":[98],"position,":[100],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[102],"bound":[103],"(CRB)":[104],"for":[105,155,177,228],"estimating":[106],"target\u2019s":[108],"Cartesian":[109],"coordinate":[110],"position":[111],"derived.":[113],"Then,":[114],"propose":[116,161],"two-stage":[118],"algorithmic":[119],"framework":[120],"minimize":[122],"CRB":[123,214],"single-":[125],"multi-target":[127,183],"systems":[129],"by":[130],"joint":[131],"optimizing":[132],"active":[133,178],"beamforming":[134,138],"at":[135,139],"BS,":[136],"passive":[137],"selection.":[144],"For":[145,181],"single-target":[147],"case,":[148,184],"optimal":[152,175],"closed-form":[153],"solution":[154,176],"coefficients":[158],"design":[159],"low-complexity":[163],"algorithm":[164,227],"alternating":[167,185],"direction":[168],"method":[169],"multipliers":[171],"obtain":[173],"beaming":[179],"design.":[180],"optimization":[186],"transform":[190],"original":[192],"problem":[193],"into":[194],"two":[195],"subproblems":[196],"semi-definite":[198],"relaxation":[199],"successive":[201],"convex":[202],"approximation":[203],"applied":[205],"tackle":[207],"quadraticity":[209],"indefiniteness":[211],"expression,":[215],"Finally,":[217],"numerical":[218],"simulation":[219],"results":[220],"validate":[221],"effectiveness":[223],"proposed":[226],"compared":[234],"other":[236],"benchmark":[237],"schemes":[238],"as":[239,241],"well":[240],"significant":[243],"performance":[244],"gains.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}