{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402808855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3462794","title":"Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Enhanced Reflection Modulation","display_name":"Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Enhanced Reflection Modulation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402808855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3462794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3462794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3462794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087161011","display_name":"Ali Tu\u011fberk Do\u011fukan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-8344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Tugberk Dogukan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-8344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025243294","display_name":"Emre Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-5051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077212378","display_name":"Fatih K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Kilinc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-1800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002128683","display_name":"Erdem Demircio\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-0215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101260","display_name":"T\u00fcrkisch-Deutsche Universit\u00e4t","ror":"https://ror.org/017bbc354","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101260"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdem Demircioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULAK Communications Inc., Istanbul, Turkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-0215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULAK Communications Inc., Istanbul, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101260"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Ko&#x00E7; University, Sariyer, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc&#x00B8; University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8053899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"18929","last_page":"18939"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9025999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9025999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6134095788002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.547053873538971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.5154915452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3778524696826935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34904158115386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3377332091331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1395924687385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13774266839027405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6134095788002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.547053873538971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5154915452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3778524696826935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34904158115386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3377332091331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1395924687385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13774266839027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3462794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3462794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109191808","https://openalex.org/W2344487751","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2804298679","https://openalex.org/W2883182640","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2997665500","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3014914371","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3043255904","https://openalex.org/W3046720024","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3092363222","https://openalex.org/W3094428664","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3155110917","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3171953287","https://openalex.org/W3193709902","https://openalex.org/W3200509761","https://openalex.org/W3211603507","https://openalex.org/W3213706254","https://openalex.org/W4206296593","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226065768","https://openalex.org/W4233022137","https://openalex.org/W4235244696","https://openalex.org/W4285185691","https://openalex.org/W4294982881","https://openalex.org/W4296425705","https://openalex.org/W4302363874","https://openalex.org/W4312672904","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4313168797","https://openalex.org/W4315630827","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4377716579","https://openalex.org/W4381748153","https://openalex.org/W4386275738","https://openalex.org/W4389258128","https://openalex.org/W4391496445","https://openalex.org/W4392173797","https://openalex.org/W4401990495","https://openalex.org/W6860084128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371168111","https://openalex.org/W2494809169","https://openalex.org/W1576035430","https://openalex.org/W2390392971","https://openalex.org/W2742790284","https://openalex.org/W2043940045","https://openalex.org/W2772203032","https://openalex.org/W4297027533","https://openalex.org/W2016528332","https://openalex.org/W1986776799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,63,145],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,35,98],"novel":[4],"index":[5],"modulation":[6,18],"(IM)":[7],"technique":[8],"named":[9],"hybrid":[10,24,36,73],"reconfigurable":[11],"intelligent":[12],"surface":[13],"(RIS)":[14],"enabled":[15],"enhanced":[16],"reflection":[17],"(Hyb-ERM),":[19],"which":[20],"capitalizes":[21],"on":[22,76],"the":[23,57,66,72,77,86,103,116,125,148,157],"RIS":[25,37,61,74],"architecture":[26],"comprising":[27],"both":[28,47,139],"active":[29,60,80],"and":[30,56,108,141,162],"passive":[31],"elements.":[32],"In":[33],"Hyb-ERM,":[34,128],"is":[38,82],"partitioned":[39],"into":[40],"groups,":[41,81],"with":[42],"information":[43],"bits":[44],"transmitted":[45,69],"through":[46],"conventional":[48],"M-ary":[49],"phase":[50],"shift":[51],"keying":[52],"(PSK)":[53],"modulated":[54],"symbols":[55,70],"number":[58,78],"of":[59,68,79,127,150],"groups.":[62],"approach,":[64],"particularly":[65],"manipulation":[67],"by":[71],"based":[75],"designed":[83],"to":[84,115,135],"improve":[85],"minimum":[87],"Euclidean":[88],"distance,":[89],"thereby":[90],"significantly":[91],"enhancing":[92],"error":[93,105,132],"performance.":[94],"We":[95],"have":[96],"derived":[97],"theoretical":[99],"upper":[100],"bound":[101],"for":[102,159],"bit":[104],"probability":[106],"(BEP)":[107],"proposed":[109],"two":[110],"low-complexity":[111],"detectors":[112],"as":[113],"alternatives":[114],"maximum":[117],"likelihood":[118],"(ML)":[119],"detector.":[120],"Extensive":[121],"simulation":[122],"results":[123],"validate":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"showing":[129],"its":[130],"superior":[131],"performance":[133],"compared":[134],"benchmark":[136],"schemes":[137],"under":[138],"ideal":[140],"non-ideal":[142],"channel":[143],"conditions.":[144],"study":[146],"underscores":[147],"potential":[149],"Hyb-ERM":[151],"in":[152],"advancing":[153],"RIS-assisted":[154],"communications,":[155],"paving":[156],"way":[158],"more":[160],"efficient":[161],"robust":[163],"6G":[164],"wireless":[165],"networks.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
