{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401536818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3439101","title":"Optimization and DRL-Based Joint Beamforming Design for Active-RIS Enabled Cognitive Multicast Systems","display_name":"Optimization and DRL-Based Joint Beamforming Design for Active-RIS Enabled Cognitive Multicast Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401536818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3439101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3439101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3439101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065347651","display_name":"Chuang Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0209-3333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088474393","display_name":"Weiheng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-8337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-8337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002904166","display_name":"Zhiguo Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-384X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-384X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741015","display_name":"Jingfu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-9129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327587","display_name":"Zehui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065347651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96354807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"16234","last_page":"16247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7677730321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.722659707069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6954160332679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5868678689002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5194934606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47294899821281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3507564067840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.326119065284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21367505192756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12661463022232056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7677730321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.722659707069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6954160332679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5868678689002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5194934606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47294899821281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3507564067840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.326119065284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21367505192756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12661463022232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3439101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3439101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2395898956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22-SIS-SMU-048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3477591863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202203101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G478423709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG2-RP-2020-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6117017817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FCP-ASTAR-TG-2022-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325256","funder_display_name":"Info-communications Media Development Authority"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6496091240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325256","display_name":"Info-communications Media Development Authority","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975770423","https://openalex.org/W1981044874","https://openalex.org/W2022628355","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2107561590","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2973110004","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3036227850","https://openalex.org/W3045209834","https://openalex.org/W3046974406","https://openalex.org/W3094619726","https://openalex.org/W3103493968","https://openalex.org/W3121645716","https://openalex.org/W3133392464","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3153643678","https://openalex.org/W3162583458","https://openalex.org/W3167074448","https://openalex.org/W3170282381","https://openalex.org/W3180206688","https://openalex.org/W3194394973","https://openalex.org/W3211257091","https://openalex.org/W3217298619","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4312639322","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4317928043","https://openalex.org/W4319338676","https://openalex.org/W4365800547","https://openalex.org/W4384787755","https://openalex.org/W4386249769","https://openalex.org/W4391807244","https://openalex.org/W4392405597","https://openalex.org/W4399767852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033488476","https://openalex.org/W2559261346","https://openalex.org/W4280609833","https://openalex.org/W1973979964","https://openalex.org/W4235820682","https://openalex.org/W185479762","https://openalex.org/W2136943174","https://openalex.org/W2131092765","https://openalex.org/W1589992863","https://openalex.org/W2095246866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,102],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,155],"investigate":[4],"a":[5,27,135,203,249,286,303],"cognitive":[6,24,28],"multicast":[7,25],"communication":[8],"system":[9,290],"aided":[10],"by":[11,39,121,139],"active":[12,41,64,72,97,296],"reconfigurable":[13],"intelligent":[14],"surface":[15],"(active":[16],"RIS).":[17],"Specifically,":[18,115],"for":[19,82,160,237,243],"an":[20,40,157,311],"underlay":[21],"spectrum":[22],"sharing":[23],"network,":[26],"radio":[29],"base":[30],"station":[31],"(CRBS)":[32],"communicates":[33],"with":[34,67,101,180,302,314],"secondary":[35],"users":[36,48],"(SUs)":[37],"assisted":[38],"RIS.":[42,98,312],"Meanwhile,":[43,184],"the":[44,53,56,61,68,71,79,84,93,96,104,116,122,129,141,161,166,173,177,185,189,213,229,234,282,293,300,307,321,326,332],"interference":[45],"to":[46,165,212,256,299,331],"primary":[47],"(PUs)":[49],"is":[50,132,199,254,329],"suppressed":[51],"within":[52],"constraints":[54,230,236,242],"of":[55,59,70,168,191,220,226,295],"transmit":[57],"power":[58],"both":[60,169],"CRBS":[62,94],"and":[63,95,106,127,148,171,217,224,240,272,306,324],"RIS,":[65],"together":[66],"restriction":[69],"RIS":[73,297,305],"amplitude":[74],"gain.":[75],"We":[76,262],"aim":[77],"at":[78,92],"fairness":[80],"problem":[81,131,198],"maximizing":[83],"minimum":[85],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio":[86],"(SINR)":[87],"via":[88],"joint":[89],"beamforming":[90],"design":[91,156],"To":[99],"cope":[100],"problem,":[103],"optimization":[105,124,197,336],"deep":[107,267,275],"reinforcement":[108],"learning":[109],"(DRL)":[110],"based":[111],"algorithms":[112,175,319],"are":[113,119,231],"proposed.":[114],"decision":[117,205],"variables":[118],"decoupled":[120],"alternating":[123],"(AO)":[125],"method":[126],"then,":[128],"non-convex":[130],"transformed":[133],"into":[134,202],"solvable":[136],"convex":[137,143],"form":[138,208],"using":[140,310],"successive":[142],"approximation":[144],"(SCA),":[145],"Schur":[146],"complement,":[147],"penalty":[149],"convex-concave":[150],"procedure":[151],"(PCCP)":[152],"methods.":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"AO-based":[158,178,322],"algorithm":[159,179,187,328,334],"formulated":[162],"problem.":[163],"Due":[164,211],"characteristics":[167],"exploration":[170],"exploitation,":[172],"DRL-based":[174],"outperform":[176,320],"proper":[181],"parameter":[182],"settings.":[183],"DRL":[186,318],"inherits":[188],"advantages":[190],"low":[192],"execution":[193],"complexity.":[194],"The":[195],"original":[196],"first":[200],"converted":[201],"Markov":[204],"process":[206],"(MDP)":[207],"in":[209,289,335],"DRL.":[210],"complex":[214],"objective":[215],"function":[216,245,253],"various":[218],"restrictions":[219],"power/amplification":[221],"gain":[222],"budget":[223],"quality":[225],"service":[227],"(QoS),":[228],"categorized":[232],"as":[233],"switching":[235],"action":[238],"adjustment":[239],"performance":[241,259,291],"reward":[244,252],"setting,":[246],"respectively.":[247],"Subsequently,":[248],"segmented":[250],"incentive-based":[251],"developed":[255],"attain":[257],"higher":[258],"on":[260],"SINR.":[261],"also":[263],"propose":[264],"two":[265],"effective":[266],"deterministic":[268,276],"policy":[269,277],"gradient":[270,278],"(DDPG)-based":[271],"twin":[273],"delayed":[274],"(TD3)-based":[279],"algorithms.":[280],"Finally,":[281],"simulation":[283],"results":[284],"demonstrate":[285],"notable":[287],"enhancement":[288],"upon":[292],"introduction":[294],"compared":[298],"case":[301,308],"passive":[304],"without":[309],"Moreover,":[313],"appropriately":[315],"configured":[316],"parameters,":[317],"algorithm,":[323],"notably,":[325],"TD3":[327],"superior":[330],"DDPG":[333],"effectiveness.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}