{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401113548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3432790","title":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound and Secure Transmission Trade-Off Design for Semi-IRS-Enabled ISAC","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound and Secure Transmission Trade-Off Design for Semi-IRS-Enabled ISAC","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401113548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3432790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3432790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3432790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025303326","display_name":"Wenjing Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-8276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000012044","display_name":"Xiaowei Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-5973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-5973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091040593","display_name":"Xiaoqi Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-0657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqi Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-0657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029000014","display_name":"Shiqi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-8000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-8000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008383657","display_name":"Chengwen Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-3503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-3503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656619","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94857653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"15753","last_page":"15767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.7631000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.7631000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6629639863967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4902665913105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4825019836425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.47009870409965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4694373607635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.42416390776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16976624727249146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6629639863967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4902665913105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4825019836425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.47009870409965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4694373607635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.42416390776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16976624727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3432790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3432790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3075328589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3148662117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023TH2/101300197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336585","funder_display_name":"Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718972896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336585","display_name":"Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125930644","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2964202652","https://openalex.org/W2972757045","https://openalex.org/W2972820227","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3127940641","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3154003282","https://openalex.org/W3162644779","https://openalex.org/W3211270128","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4206658479","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4285033185","https://openalex.org/W4295298207","https://openalex.org/W4312330321","https://openalex.org/W4312885347","https://openalex.org/W4312897659","https://openalex.org/W4313549926","https://openalex.org/W4321482224","https://openalex.org/W4327521687","https://openalex.org/W4361802445","https://openalex.org/W4377971400","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4379033831","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4386090274","https://openalex.org/W4386453459","https://openalex.org/W4389887755","https://openalex.org/W4389922377","https://openalex.org/W4391547642","https://openalex.org/W4391935941","https://openalex.org/W4392930564","https://openalex.org/W4393140196","https://openalex.org/W4394730874","https://openalex.org/W4395069470","https://openalex.org/W4402834146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2137328885","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707","https://openalex.org/W1595657826","https://openalex.org/W4360764540","https://openalex.org/W1985526270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"sensing":[1,67],"and":[2,14,62,91,100,146,156,171],"communication":[3,38,61],"(ISAC)":[4],"has":[5],"evolved":[6],"into":[7],"an":[8,130],"influential":[9],"technique":[10],"to":[11,36,57,174],"ameliorate":[12],"energy":[13],"spectrum":[15],"scarcity":[16],"via":[17,150],"co-designing":[18],"these":[19],"two":[20,84,182],"functionalities.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,33,37,53,59,65,70,75,79,98,101,107,117,122,143,148,153,157,165,176,181,188,191],"target":[24,66,103,126,183],"can":[25],"be":[26,110],"a":[27,43,136],"potential":[28],"eavesdropper":[29],"aiming":[30],"at":[31,78],"wiretapping":[32],"information":[34],"transmitted":[35],"user.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"studies":[42],"semi-passive":[44],"intelligent":[45],"reflecting":[46],"surface":[47],"(IRS)":[48],"enabled":[49],"ISAC":[50],"system,":[51],"where":[52],"IRS":[54],"is":[55],"employed":[56],"assist":[58],"secure":[60],"simultaneously":[63],"perform":[64],"based":[68],"on":[69],"echo":[71],"signals":[72],"received":[73],"by":[74],"dedicated":[76],"sensor":[77],"IRS.":[80,161],"Specifically,":[81],"we":[82,115,134,163],"model":[83],"types":[85],"of":[86,97,106,125,160,190],"targets,":[87],"namely":[88],"point":[89],"targets":[90],"extended":[92],"targets.":[93],"The":[94],"direction-of-arrival":[95],"(DoA)":[96],"former":[99],"complete":[102],"response":[104],"matrix":[105],"latter":[108],"should":[109],"estimated.":[111],"Under":[112],"this":[113],"configuration,":[114],"derive":[116],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[118],"bound":[119],"(CRB)":[120],"as":[121],"performance":[123,132],"metric":[124],"estimation.":[127],"To":[128],"achieve":[129],"optimal":[131],"trade-off,":[133],"formulate":[135],"weighted":[137],"optimization":[138],"problem":[139],"that":[140],"balances":[141],"maximizing":[142],"secrecy":[144],"rate":[145],"minimizing":[147],"CRB,":[149],"jointly":[151],"optimizing":[152],"transmit":[154],"beamforming":[155],"phase":[158],"shifts":[159],"Then,":[162],"employ":[164],"alternating":[166],"optimization,":[167],"successive":[168],"convex":[169],"approximation":[170],"semi-definite":[172],"relaxation":[173],"tackle":[175],"proposed":[177,192],"non-convex":[178],"problems":[179],"for":[180],"cases.":[184],"Simulation":[185],"results":[186],"show":[187],"effectiveness":[189],"schemes":[193],"compared":[194],"with":[195],"benchmarks.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}