{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400877500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3428493","title":"Resource Optimization in Active-STAR-RIS-Aided THz ISAC Systems With DDA Modulation: A Machine-Learning Approach","display_name":"Resource Optimization in Active-STAR-RIS-Aided THz ISAC Systems With DDA Modulation: A Machine-Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400877500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3428493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3428493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3428493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031878024","display_name":"Sravani Kurma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-2082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sravani Kurma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071647281","display_name":"Keshav Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-4518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056209905","display_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-6149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020442416","display_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075166866","display_name":"Chih\u2013Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-0921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031878024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88361805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"15291","last_page":"15307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6607805490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4475491940975189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25254586338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08619701862335205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6607805490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4475491940975189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25254586338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08619701862335205}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3428493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3428493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4212392025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6158586027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2218-E-110-008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6516543219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-110-029-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6544711858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-110-038-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953338720","https://openalex.org/W3133505491","https://openalex.org/W3158743991","https://openalex.org/W3185397499","https://openalex.org/W3187281126","https://openalex.org/W3191994553","https://openalex.org/W3201063899","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3206356161","https://openalex.org/W3217184862","https://openalex.org/W4221145524","https://openalex.org/W4226019069","https://openalex.org/W4226165103","https://openalex.org/W4226380258","https://openalex.org/W4285122328","https://openalex.org/W4285280291","https://openalex.org/W4295832185","https://openalex.org/W4312330321","https://openalex.org/W4312830363","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4313004004","https://openalex.org/W4313139864","https://openalex.org/W4320018439","https://openalex.org/W4321021057","https://openalex.org/W4321482224","https://openalex.org/W4321487903","https://openalex.org/W4321780112","https://openalex.org/W4322576399","https://openalex.org/W4328027388","https://openalex.org/W4376480724","https://openalex.org/W4377971356","https://openalex.org/W4382118983","https://openalex.org/W4382677748","https://openalex.org/W4383960513","https://openalex.org/W4384519067","https://openalex.org/W4385250845","https://openalex.org/W4386248976","https://openalex.org/W4386952081","https://openalex.org/W4387385672","https://openalex.org/W4387805766","https://openalex.org/W4388739141","https://openalex.org/W4391559548","https://openalex.org/W4391807589","https://openalex.org/W4401717673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,27,48,52,64,68,115,144,160,187,198,219,223,228,235],"state-of-the-art":[4],"terahertz":[5],"(THz)":[6],"integrated":[7],"sensing":[8,105],"and":[9,23,58,72,77,92,103,126,134,159,191,211],"communication":[10,93,102,157,189],"system":[11,31,85],"(ISAC)":[12],"that":[13,20],"uses":[14],"active":[15],"reconfigurable":[16],"intelligent":[17],"surfaces":[18],"(ASRIS)":[19],"can":[21],"transmit":[22,122],"reflect":[24],"signals":[25,42],"at":[26],"same":[28],"time.":[29],"The":[30,110],"incorporates":[32],"a":[33,89,170],"novel":[34],"dynamic":[35,65,154,188],"delay":[36],"alignment":[37],"(DDA)":[38],"modulation":[39],"technique,":[40],"allowing":[41],"from":[43],"different":[44],"paths":[45],"to":[46,113,153,186],"reach":[47],"receiver":[49],"simultaneously,":[50],"eliminating":[51],"need":[53],"for":[54,74,227],"complex":[55],"channel":[56],"equalization":[57],"mitigating":[59],"inter-symbol":[60],"interference,":[61],"while":[62],"considering":[63],"movement":[66],"of":[67,147,162,222,238],"vehicular":[69],"units":[70],"(VUs),":[71],"accounting":[73],"time-selective":[75],"fading":[76],"uniform":[78],"Doppler":[79],"power":[80],"spectra":[81],"(DPS)":[82],"model.":[83],"Our":[84,232],"is":[86,112],"equipped":[87],"with":[88],"dual-function":[90],"radar":[91,135],"multiple-antenna":[94],"base":[95],"station":[96],"(BS),":[97],"which":[98],"simultaneously":[99],"serves":[100],"both":[101],"target":[104],"functions":[106],"through":[107],"an":[108],"ASRIS.":[109],"objective":[111],"maximize":[114],"sum":[116],"rate":[117],"by":[118],"jointly":[119],"optimizing":[120,194],"BS":[121],"beamforming,":[123],"ASRIS":[124,239],"reflection":[125],"transmission":[127],"beamforming":[128],"matrices,":[129],"VU":[130],"mobility":[131],"correlation":[132],"parameters,":[133],"receive":[136],"filter.":[137],"Traditional":[138],"optimization":[139,150,209],"methods":[140],"prove":[141],"challenging":[142],"given":[143],"intricate":[145],"nature":[146],"this":[148],"non-convex":[149],"problem,":[151],"owing":[152],"changes":[155],"in":[156,193,197],"links":[158],"interplay":[161],"multiple":[163],"variables.":[164],"To":[165],"overcome":[166],"this,":[167],"we":[168],"propose":[169],"machine":[171],"learning":[172],"(ML)-based":[173],"multi-agent":[174],"deep":[175],"deterministic":[176,203],"policy":[177,204,208],"gradient":[178,205],"(MADDPG)":[179],"algorithm.":[180],"MADDPG":[181,225],"enables":[182],"collaborative":[183],"learning,":[184],"adapts":[185],"environment,":[190],"excels":[192],"interdependent":[195],"parameters":[196],"proposed":[199,229],"THz":[200],"system.":[201],"Deep":[202],"(DDPG),":[206],"proximal":[207],"(PPO),":[210],"modified-PPO":[212],"(MPPO)":[213],"algorithms":[214],"serve":[215],"as":[216],"benchmarks,":[217],"showcasing":[218],"distinctive":[220],"advantages":[221],"ML-based":[224],"solution":[226],"system\u2019s":[230],"complexities.":[231],"simulations":[233],"validate":[234],"substantial":[236],"benefits":[237],"over":[240],"conventional":[241],"RIS":[242],"benchmark":[243],"scenarios.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
