{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399118807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3398770","title":"Near-Field Wideband Beamforming for Extremely Large Antenna Arrays","display_name":"Near-Field Wideband Beamforming for Extremely Large Antenna Arrays","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399118807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3398770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3398770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3398770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708368","display_name":"Mingyao Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-5877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyao Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-5877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081869164","display_name":"Linglong Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-7315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linglong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-7315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.7287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99861596,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"13110","last_page":"13124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7624337673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5928447842597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5550636053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.5476322770118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.5019047260284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.4667181372642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4392589330673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.42567890882492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.41374778747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3902895152568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.32864558696746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3204110562801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3084745705127716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2988475561141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17094534635543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14479383826255798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7624337673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5928447842597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5550636053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.5476322770118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.5019047260284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.4667181372642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4392589330673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.42567890882492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.41374778747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3902895152568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32864558696746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3204110562801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3084745705127716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2988475561141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17094534635543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14479383826255798}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3398770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3398770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G125208805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3811503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336811","funder_display_name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336811","display_name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2099647334","https://openalex.org/W2111322952","https://openalex.org/W2145245010","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2730027154","https://openalex.org/W2786259056","https://openalex.org/W2888283726","https://openalex.org/W2889503892","https://openalex.org/W2952066149","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2963187309","https://openalex.org/W2964218543","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2998872355","https://openalex.org/W3072069827","https://openalex.org/W3102971715","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3126485115","https://openalex.org/W3156622738","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3194281015","https://openalex.org/W4205279868","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4312688996","https://openalex.org/W4324125657","https://openalex.org/W4376481253","https://openalex.org/W4394811136","https://openalex.org/W4399205858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483716060","https://openalex.org/W2186911381","https://openalex.org/W3217065475","https://openalex.org/W4312971258","https://openalex.org/W2242277950","https://openalex.org/W2152652001","https://openalex.org/W2942741591","https://openalex.org/W3148537096","https://openalex.org/W3011253418","https://openalex.org/W3121063582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"natural":[1],"integration":[2],"of":[3,60,160,177,206],"extremely":[4,26],"large":[5,27,88],"antenna":[6],"arrays":[7],"(ELAAs)":[8],"and":[9,30,150,163,168,192],"terahertz":[10],"(THz)":[11],"communications":[12],"can":[13],"potentially":[14],"establish":[15],"Tbps":[16],"data":[17],"links":[18],"for":[19,144,227],"6G":[20],"networks.":[21],"However,":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,49,56,76,173,211],"the":[25,61,78,86,97,103,111,145,151,157,175,178,184,199,204,215,224],"array":[28,89,105],"aperture":[29],"wide":[31],"bandwidth,":[32],"a":[33,57,72,126,194],"new":[34],"phenomenon":[35,43],"termed":[36,197],"as":[37,108,119,198],"\u201cnear-field":[38],"beam":[39,186],"split\u201d":[40],"emerges.":[41],"This":[42],"causes":[44],"beams":[45],"at":[46],"different":[47],"frequencies":[48],"focus":[50],"on":[51,123],"distinct":[52],"physical":[53],"locations,":[54],"leading":[55],"significant":[58],"loss":[59],"beamforming":[62,207],"gain.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"this":[66,84,124],"challenging":[67],"problem,":[68],"we":[69,190],"first":[70],"harness":[71],"piecewise-far-field":[73],"channel":[74],"model":[75],"approximate":[77],"complicated":[79],"near-field":[80,109,153,185,225],"wideband":[81],"channel.":[82],"In":[83],"model,":[85],"entire":[87,104],"is":[90,106,117,137,219],"partitioned":[91],"into":[92],"several":[93],"small":[94],"sub-arrays.":[95],"While":[96],"wireless":[98],"channel\u2019s":[99],"phase":[100,112,133,148,154,161],"discrepancy":[101,113,149,155],"across":[102],"modeled":[107],"spherical,":[110],"within":[114],"each":[115],"sub-array":[116],"approximated":[118],"far-field":[120,147],"planar.":[121],"Built":[122],"approximation,":[125],"phase-delay":[127],"focusing":[128],"(PDF)":[129],"method":[130,141,181],"employing":[131],"delay":[132],"precoding":[134],"(DPP)":[135],"architecture":[136],"proposed.":[138],"Our":[139],"PDF":[140,180],"could":[142],"compensate":[143],"intra-array":[146],"inter-array":[152],"via":[156],"joint":[158],"control":[159],"shifters":[162],"time":[164],"delayers,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"Theoretical":[167],"numerical":[169],"results":[170],"are":[171],"provided":[172],"demonstrate":[174],"efficiency":[176],"proposed":[179],"in":[182,222],"mitigating":[183],"split":[187],"effect.":[188],"Finally,":[189],"define":[191],"derive":[193],"novel":[195],"metric":[196],"\u201ceffective":[200],"Rayleigh":[201,213,217],"distance\u201d":[202],"by":[203],"evaluation":[205],"gain":[208],"loss.":[209],"Compared":[210],"classical":[212],"distance,":[214],"effective":[216],"distance":[218],"more":[220],"accurate":[221],"determining":[223],"range":[226],"practical":[228],"communications.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
