{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396523493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3392330","title":"Communication-Sensing Region for Cell-Free Massive MIMO ISAC Systems","display_name":"Communication-Sensing Region for Cell-Free Massive MIMO ISAC Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396523493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3392330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3392330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3392330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102780068","display_name":"Weihao Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2683-8251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2683-8251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000004323","display_name":"Yang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-4488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061813280","display_name":"Chong\u2010Yung Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-7155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong-Yung Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-7155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350955","display_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-7374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002904166","display_name":"Zhiguo Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-384X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-384X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102780068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":96.0666,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99966834,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"12396","last_page":"12411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7927541136741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6975550055503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6850388050079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6683481931686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.5370568037033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4474239945411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3326300084590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31641632318496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29696497321128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12508466839790344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7927541136741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6975550055503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6850388050079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6683481931686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.5370568037033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4474239945411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3326300084590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31641632318496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29696497321128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12508466839790344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3392330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3392330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3626211780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5331489779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5379454894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BX2021031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6520201504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z211100002121139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7161117493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M690342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W2057869046","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2624725691","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2788428941","https://openalex.org/W2804119529","https://openalex.org/W2899106589","https://openalex.org/W2908882174","https://openalex.org/W2964181991","https://openalex.org/W2972894689","https://openalex.org/W3014030863","https://openalex.org/W3045227683","https://openalex.org/W3092582326","https://openalex.org/W3100767898","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3126371854","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3152961272","https://openalex.org/W3188340816","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3207252949","https://openalex.org/W3213744143","https://openalex.org/W4206180546","https://openalex.org/W4211052828","https://openalex.org/W4214842474","https://openalex.org/W4214866728","https://openalex.org/W4221161002","https://openalex.org/W4221165631","https://openalex.org/W4226039372","https://openalex.org/W4226165103","https://openalex.org/W4250658187","https://openalex.org/W4285163384","https://openalex.org/W4285230690","https://openalex.org/W4293370520","https://openalex.org/W4312040385","https://openalex.org/W4312051213","https://openalex.org/W4315629945","https://openalex.org/W4315630023","https://openalex.org/W4318586185","https://openalex.org/W4318586278","https://openalex.org/W4319996394","https://openalex.org/W4321021057","https://openalex.org/W4323022389","https://openalex.org/W4360584674","https://openalex.org/W4382568105","https://openalex.org/W4385484982","https://openalex.org/W4385694480","https://openalex.org/W4385945769","https://openalex.org/W4387869975","https://openalex.org/W4387883755","https://openalex.org/W4392152673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W4387686915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,7,12,27,30,34,49,53,62,76,83,86,90,99,110,115,123,129,150,163,175,180,183],"system":[4,78,167],"model":[5],"and":[6,20,44,47,89,114,119,128,154,193],"transmit":[8,94],"beamforming":[9,95,185],"design":[10,96],"for":[11,75,98,159],"Cell-Free":[13,164],"massive":[14,165],"multi-input":[15],"multi-output":[16],"(MIMO)":[17],"integrated":[18],"sensing":[19,161],"communication":[21,153],"(ISAC)":[22],"system.":[23,178],"The":[24,93,157],"impact":[25],"of":[26,29,36,52,122,145,162,182],"uncertainty":[28],"target":[31],"locations":[32],"on":[33],"propagation":[35],"wireless":[37],"signals":[38],"is":[39,73,168,187],"considered":[40,77],"during":[41],"both":[42],"uplink":[43],"downlink":[45],"phases,":[46],"especially,":[48],"main":[50],"statistics":[51],"MIMO":[54,166],"channel":[55],"estimation":[56],"error":[57],"are":[58,102],"theoretically":[59],"derived":[60],"in":[61,189],"closed-form":[63],"fashion.":[64],"A":[65],"fundamental":[66],"performance":[67],"metric,":[68],"termed":[69],"communication-sensing":[70],"(C-S)":[71],"region,":[72],"defined":[74],"via":[79,171],"three":[80,100],"cases,":[81],"i.e.,":[82],"sensing-only":[84],"case,":[85],"communication-only":[87],"case":[88],"ISAC":[91],"case.":[92],"problems":[97],"cases":[101],"respectively":[103],"carried":[104],"out":[105],"through":[106],"different":[107],"reformulations,":[108],"e.g.,":[109],"Lagrangian":[111],"dual":[112],"transform":[113],"quadratic":[116],"fractional":[117],"transform,":[118],"some":[120],"combinations":[121],"block":[124],"coordinate":[125],"descent":[126],"method":[127],"successive":[130],"convex":[131],"approximation":[132],"method.":[133],"Numerical":[134],"results":[135],"present":[136],"a":[137,142,172],"3-dimensional":[138],"C-S":[139],"region":[140],"with":[141,174,191],"dynamic":[143],"number":[144],"access":[146],"points":[147],"to":[148],"illustrate":[149],"trade-off":[151],"between":[152],"radar":[155,160],"sensing.":[156],"advantage":[158],"also":[169],"studied":[170],"comparison":[173,190],"traditional":[176],"cellular":[177],"Finally,":[179],"efficacy":[181],"proposed":[184],"schemes":[186],"validated":[188],"zero-forcing":[192],"maximum":[194],"ratio":[195],"transmission":[196],"schemes.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}