{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393972670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3382883","title":"Cooperative Time Synchronization and Robust Clock Parameters Estimation for Time-Sensitive Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Cooperative Time Synchronization and Robust Clock Parameters Estimation for Time-Sensitive Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393972670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3382883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3382883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3382883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021092812","display_name":"Baiqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-8656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baiqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-8656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017543363","display_name":"Haiyong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-9492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-9492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-0390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-0390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071060953","display_name":"Yufei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-8117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050100483","display_name":"Yuanchen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-6896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNISOC Technologies Company Ltd., Xi’an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-6896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNISOC Technologies Company Ltd., Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1249,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91940419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"11552","last_page":"11566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6834609508514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6505370736122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6463810801506042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38149720430374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.34942737221717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2549816966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10427945852279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08837765455245972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6834609508514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6505370736122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6463810801506042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38149720430374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34942737221717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2549816966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10427945852279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08837765455245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3382883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3382883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434031038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M732835","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4737297163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022B1515120018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5086460108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5160650035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1912365681","https://openalex.org/W2003321974","https://openalex.org/W2005467893","https://openalex.org/W2011359124","https://openalex.org/W2019933734","https://openalex.org/W2050834423","https://openalex.org/W2058533888","https://openalex.org/W2059983075","https://openalex.org/W2077430220","https://openalex.org/W2081531839","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2096716342","https://openalex.org/W2103662601","https://openalex.org/W2103972604","https://openalex.org/W2108501383","https://openalex.org/W2133940231","https://openalex.org/W2144730813","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2148940141","https://openalex.org/W2169848485","https://openalex.org/W2170531625","https://openalex.org/W2283715726","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2289358890","https://openalex.org/W2294406864","https://openalex.org/W2322000117","https://openalex.org/W2469195734","https://openalex.org/W2594167360","https://openalex.org/W2595882622","https://openalex.org/W2611328865","https://openalex.org/W2742503793","https://openalex.org/W2783035441","https://openalex.org/W2789675190","https://openalex.org/W2884911846","https://openalex.org/W2962944036","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2990245321","https://openalex.org/W2996084540","https://openalex.org/W2999305628","https://openalex.org/W2999472659","https://openalex.org/W3006197734","https://openalex.org/W3010431685","https://openalex.org/W3019736941","https://openalex.org/W3025540347","https://openalex.org/W3080846527","https://openalex.org/W3083656779","https://openalex.org/W3092022074","https://openalex.org/W3100712310","https://openalex.org/W3133316069","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W3158898476","https://openalex.org/W4280574626","https://openalex.org/W4312329612","https://openalex.org/W4318586278","https://openalex.org/W4324031681","https://openalex.org/W4376464578","https://openalex.org/W6631362934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2031096545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,60],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,25,46,114,137],"cooperative":[6],"time":[7],"synchronization":[8,19,58,107,159],"(CTS)":[9],"scheme":[10,44,135],"for":[11,97,188],"cell-free":[12,190],"massive":[13,191],"multiple-input":[14],"multiple-output":[15],"(MIMO)":[16],"systems,":[17],"where":[18,83],"packets":[20],"are":[21,79,185],"jointly":[22,81],"broadcast":[23],"by":[24],"set":[26],"of":[27,150,156,171],"coordinated":[28,145],"access":[29],"points":[30],"(APs).":[31],"Thanks":[32],"to":[33,62,91,102,175],"multiple":[34],"timestamps":[35],"available":[36],"at":[37],"each":[38],"target":[39,68],"node,":[40],"the":[41,55,63,67,74,84,104,110,124,132,141,157,162,168,178,182],"proposed":[42,121,133,163,183],"CTS":[43,117,134,179],"enables":[45],"much":[47],"higher":[48],"accuracy":[49],"in":[50],"clock":[51,64,75,85,99,142,172],"parameters":[52,65],"estimation":[53,169],"than":[54,154],"conventional":[56],"non-cooperative":[57],"approaches.":[59],"addition":[61],"between":[66],"nodes":[69],"and":[70,161],"their":[71,92],"associated":[72,93],"APs,":[73],"deviations":[76,86,143],"among":[77,144],"APs":[78,94,146],"also":[80],"estimated,":[82],"can":[87],"be":[88],"fed":[89],"back":[90],"via":[95],"acknowledgment":[96],"further":[98],"adjustment.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"mitigate":[103],"impact":[105],"on":[106],"performance":[108,139,170],"under":[109],"packet":[111,148],"loss":[112],"scenario,":[113],"matrix":[115],"completion-based":[116],"(MC-CTS)":[118],"algorithm":[119,165],"is":[120],"that":[122,131,155],"complements":[123],"lost":[125],"timestamp":[126],"information.":[127],"Simulation":[128],"results":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"presents":[136],"robust":[138],"against":[140],"with":[147],"overhead":[149],"approximately":[151],"50%":[152],"less":[153],"non-broadcast":[158],"approaches,":[160],"MC-CTS":[164],"effectively":[166],"enhances":[167],"parameters,":[173],"compared":[174],"just":[176],"utilizing":[177],"algorithm.":[180],"Hence,":[181],"algorithms":[184],"particularly":[186],"suitable":[187],"time-sensitive":[189],"MIMO":[192],"systems.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}