{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392251836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3367442","title":"Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Enhancing Spectral Efficiency in NOMA VLC Systems","display_name":"Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Enhancing Spectral Efficiency in NOMA VLC Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392251836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3367442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3367442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3367442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082848991","display_name":"Amanat Kafizov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-0818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amanat Kafizov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049632490","display_name":"Ahmed Elzanaty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elzanaty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres (5GIC and 6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres (5GIC and 6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres (5GIC and 6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres (5GIC and 6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082848991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90913591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"9958","last_page":"9971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.9121115207672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.7688155770301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6650745868682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.651182234287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.6186337471008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39722326397895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18007156252861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.16355517506599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10646599531173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07265940308570862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.9121115207672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7688155770301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6650745868682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.651182234287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.6186337471008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39722326397895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18007156252861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.16355517506599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10646599531173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07265940308570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3367442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3367442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627952176","https://openalex.org/W1446511218","https://openalex.org/W1749807555","https://openalex.org/W1966393174","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W2070432296","https://openalex.org/W2071563913","https://openalex.org/W2112544308","https://openalex.org/W2115001548","https://openalex.org/W2117578628","https://openalex.org/W2149329661","https://openalex.org/W2186171661","https://openalex.org/W2295921202","https://openalex.org/W2523122228","https://openalex.org/W2596254849","https://openalex.org/W2609966559","https://openalex.org/W2724702897","https://openalex.org/W2910758021","https://openalex.org/W2913859666","https://openalex.org/W2923484231","https://openalex.org/W2936240043","https://openalex.org/W2987005039","https://openalex.org/W3023513190","https://openalex.org/W3042689071","https://openalex.org/W3098182061","https://openalex.org/W3116096697","https://openalex.org/W3126284569","https://openalex.org/W3157954359","https://openalex.org/W4213197868","https://openalex.org/W4226434093","https://openalex.org/W4253515568","https://openalex.org/W4387385578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545","https://openalex.org/W2076432172","https://openalex.org/W4309235375","https://openalex.org/W2887349183","https://openalex.org/W2338497048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54,102],"limited":[1],"modulation":[2,155],"bandwidth":[3],"of":[4,16,46,99,117,127,134,168],"the":[5,14,61,87,108,115,125,132,152,166],"light":[6,20],"emitting":[7],"diodes":[8],"(LEDs)":[9],"presents":[10],"a":[11,27],"challenge":[12],"in":[13,49,130,137],"development":[15],"practical":[17],"high-data-rate":[18],"visible":[19],"communication":[21,52],"(VLC)":[22],"systems.":[23,175],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"novel":[28],"adaptive":[29],"coded":[30,154],"probabilistic":[31],"shaping":[32,158],"(PS)-based":[33],"nonorthogonal":[34],"multiple":[35],"access":[36],"(NOMA)":[37],"scheme":[38,56,112,129,143],"is":[39,83],"proposed":[40,55,84,109],"to":[41,60,85,171],"improve":[42],"spectral":[43],"efficiency":[44],"(SE)":[45],"VLC":[47,135,174],"systems":[48,136],"multiuser":[50,138],"uplink":[51],"scenarios.":[53,139],"adapts":[57],"its":[58],"rate":[59],"optical":[62],"signal-to-noise":[63],"ratio":[64],"(OSNR)":[65],"by":[66],"utilizing":[67],"non-uniformly":[68],"distributed":[69],"discrete":[70],"constellation":[71,92],"symbols":[72],"and":[73,94,160],"low":[74],"complexity":[75],"channel":[76,89],"encoder.":[77],"Furthermore,":[78],"an":[79],"alternate":[80],"optimization":[81],"algorithm":[82],"determine":[86],"optimal":[88],"coding":[90],"rate,":[91],"spacing,":[93],"probability":[95],"mass":[96],"function":[97],"(PMF)":[98],"each":[100],"user.":[101],"extensive":[103],"numerical":[104],"results":[105,123],"show":[106],"that":[107],"PS-based":[110],"NOMA":[111,118],"closely":[113],"approaches":[114],"capacity":[116],"with":[119],"fine":[120],"granularity.":[121],"Presented":[122],"demonstrate":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"our":[128,142,169],"improving":[131],"SE":[133,146],"For":[140],"instance,":[141],"exhibits":[144],"substantial":[145],"gains":[147],"over":[148],"existing":[149],"schemes,":[150],"namely,":[151],"pairwise":[153],"(PCM),":[156],"geometric":[157],"(GS),":[159],"uniform-distribution":[161],"schemes.":[162],"These":[163],"findings":[164],"highlight":[165],"potential":[167],"approach":[170],"significantly":[172],"enhance":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}