{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391827304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3363499","title":"Revisiting Outage Probability Analysis for Two-User Fluid Antenna Multiple Access System","display_name":"Revisiting Outage Probability Analysis for Two-User Fluid Antenna Multiple Access System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391827304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3363499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3363499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3363499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028775549","display_name":"Hao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-7904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom","Yonsei Frontier Laboratory, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei Frontier Laboratory, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056936359","display_name":"Wee Kiat New","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-7763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee Kiat New","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089309705","display_name":"Kin\u2010Fai Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Fai Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383217","display_name":"Yangyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087919","display_name":"Kuang-Chi (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/002thpc56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuang-Chi Science Ltd., Hong Kong, SAR, China","Kuang-Chi Science Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuang-Chi Science Ltd., Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuang-Chi Science Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863632","display_name":"Chan\u2010Byoung Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Byoung Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028775549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97889775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"9534","last_page":"9548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6460575461387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"Outage probability","score":0.6455869674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.6075776815414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5671541094779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5595857501029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.5396497249603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.4367287755012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.358537495136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33909696340560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3232438564300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3224337100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3053434491157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.2093714475631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.0975644588470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.08306652307510376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6460575461387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.6455869674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.6075776815414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5671541094779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5595857501029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.5396497249603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.4367287755012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.358537495136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33909696340560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3232438564300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3224337100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3053434491157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.2093714475631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0975644588470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08306652307510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3363499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3363499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10188026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10188026/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications       (2024)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2842576049","display_name":"Fluid Antenna Systems for 6G Wireless Communications: Implementation, System Optimisation and Theoretical Analysis","funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2956197116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W1994176509","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2030679661","https://openalex.org/W2051951526","https://openalex.org/W2073196023","https://openalex.org/W2119478661","https://openalex.org/W2141415498","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2327817444","https://openalex.org/W2763995819","https://openalex.org/W2996973493","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3106405871","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3141169337","https://openalex.org/W3145258291","https://openalex.org/W3199742680","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4212888567","https://openalex.org/W4221160108","https://openalex.org/W4223467657","https://openalex.org/W4280541535","https://openalex.org/W4285196564","https://openalex.org/W4288388736","https://openalex.org/W4312959323","https://openalex.org/W4323896643","https://openalex.org/W4362653158","https://openalex.org/W4364322798","https://openalex.org/W4366147759","https://openalex.org/W4382935498","https://openalex.org/W4384917080","https://openalex.org/W4387869786","https://openalex.org/W4387872618","https://openalex.org/W4388073421","https://openalex.org/W4390357369","https://openalex.org/W4390800959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2938514635","https://openalex.org/W4360764540","https://openalex.org/W4231657010","https://openalex.org/W3130900139","https://openalex.org/W4287324732","https://openalex.org/W2170397068","https://openalex.org/W1984327804","https://openalex.org/W3165711719","https://openalex.org/W2895876902","https://openalex.org/W2741688587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluid":[0],"antenna":[1,8,22,179],"system":[2,93],"(FAS)":[3],"is":[4,151,181,189],"a":[5,12,71,116],"new":[6,13],"flexible":[7],"technology":[9],"that":[10,81,105,150,162],"offers":[11],"approach":[14],"to":[15,19,124,153],"multiple":[16,23],"access,":[17],"referred":[18],"as":[20,96],"fluid":[21],"access":[24],"(FAMA).":[25],"The":[26],"performance":[27],"of":[28,85,91,99,119,146,170,187],"FAMA":[29,49],"has":[30,173],"been":[31],"investigated":[32],"but":[33,172,200],"previous":[34],"results":[35,156],"were":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38,75],"simplified":[39,112],"spatial":[40,63,86],"correlation":[41,64],"models.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46,136],"will":[47],"revisit":[48],"for":[50],"the":[51,56,61,66,76,83,88,92,97,106,126,130,139,147,158,163,168,178,185,191,198,203],"two-user":[52],"case":[53],"and":[54,79,142,160],"study":[55],"outage":[57,77,89,127,148,164,192],"probability":[58,78,90,128,149,165,193],"by":[59,113],"characterizing":[60],"joint":[62],"among":[65],"ports.":[67],"We":[68,102],"first":[69],"derive":[70,125],"closed-form":[72],"lower":[73,204],"bound":[74],"reveal":[80],"in":[82],"absence":[84],"correlation,":[87],"decreases":[94,166,195],"exponentially":[95,196],"number":[98,118,169,186],"ports":[100,171,188],"increases.":[101],"then":[103],"show":[104],"channel":[107,120,140],"model":[108,141],"can":[109],"be":[110],"greatly":[111],"focusing":[114],"upon":[115],"limited":[117],"variables,":[121],"allowing":[122],"us":[123],"using":[129],"approximate":[131,138],"model.":[132],"To":[133],"gain":[134],"insight,":[135],"further":[137],"provide":[143],"another":[144],"approximation":[145],"easier":[152],"compute.":[154],"Simulation":[155],"validate":[157],"approximations":[159],"demonstrate":[161],"with":[167,197],"an":[174],"error":[175],"floor":[176],"unless":[177],"size":[180,199],"increased.":[182],"Also,":[183],"when":[184],"fixed,":[190],"initially":[194],"eventually":[201],"approaches":[202],"bound.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}