{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391164391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3354424","title":"MLE-Based Device Activity Detection Under Rician Fading for Massive Grant-Free Access With Perfect and Imperfect Synchronization","display_name":"MLE-Based Device Activity Detection Under Rician Fading for Massive Grant-Free Access With Perfect and Imperfect Synchronization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391164391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3354424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3354424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3354424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107171884","display_name":"Wang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5702-488X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5702-488X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071987706","display_name":"Ying Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-9775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["IoT Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-9775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IoT Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101807552","display_name":"Feng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-5765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-5765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079885035","display_name":"Lianghui Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-3613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianghui Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-3613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115010718","display_name":"Jun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107171884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86024717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"8787","last_page":"8804"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.9389431476593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.7345784902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7175207138061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7090989947319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6586726903915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.41247376799583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3405839204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.05807819962501526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.9389431476593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.7345784902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7175207138061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7090989947319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6586726903915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.41247376799583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3405839204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.05807819962501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3354424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3354424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-141496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-141496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6119235927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336023","display_name":"Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2167380762","https://openalex.org/W2706056020","https://openalex.org/W2774912636","https://openalex.org/W2804290997","https://openalex.org/W2890736047","https://openalex.org/W2900841156","https://openalex.org/W2920228847","https://openalex.org/W2961179947","https://openalex.org/W2962783428","https://openalex.org/W2980241036","https://openalex.org/W2981917204","https://openalex.org/W3044399126","https://openalex.org/W3046206458","https://openalex.org/W3047700474","https://openalex.org/W3080292365","https://openalex.org/W3104715558","https://openalex.org/W3133759829","https://openalex.org/W3135158731","https://openalex.org/W3145775433","https://openalex.org/W3160389596","https://openalex.org/W3161432870","https://openalex.org/W3162169943","https://openalex.org/W3171277470","https://openalex.org/W3173843961","https://openalex.org/W3196860475","https://openalex.org/W3197124993","https://openalex.org/W3206148293","https://openalex.org/W3210796143","https://openalex.org/W3212673851","https://openalex.org/W4206196235","https://openalex.org/W4214943862","https://openalex.org/W4226071983","https://openalex.org/W4288388710","https://openalex.org/W4300554582","https://openalex.org/W4362500674","https://openalex.org/W4391164391","https://openalex.org/W6810917635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146680430","https://openalex.org/W2100999214","https://openalex.org/W1973317750","https://openalex.org/W2172055400","https://openalex.org/W2124796615","https://openalex.org/W2141180789","https://openalex.org/W2902575303","https://openalex.org/W1560491530","https://openalex.org/W2263624057","https://openalex.org/W2059664315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"existing":[1,188],"studies":[2],"on":[3,167],"massive":[4,10,59],"grant-free":[5,60],"access,":[6],"proposed":[7,184,202,231],"to":[8,125,216,225,249,255],"support":[9],"machine-type":[11],"communications":[12],"(mMTC)":[13],"for":[14,26,58,157,178,191,204,233],"the":[15,70,90,117,131,163,187,201,205,210,226,230,234,240,256],"Internet":[16],"of":[17,130,160,181],"things":[18],"(IoT),":[19],"assume":[20,68],"Rayleigh":[21,192],"fading":[22,57,72,193],"and":[23,36,38,64,76,93,97,107,109,172,194,229,244,251],"perfect":[24,63,195],"synchronization":[25,40],"simplicity.":[27],"However,":[28],"in":[29,89,100],"practice,":[30],"line-of-sight":[31],"(LoS)":[32],"components":[33,79],"generally":[34],"exist,":[35],"time":[37,108,222],"frequency":[39,110],"are":[41],"usually":[42],"imperfect.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"systematically":[46],"investigates":[47],"maximum":[48],"likelihood":[49],"estimation":[50],"(MLE)-based":[51],"device":[52,86,95],"activity":[53,87,96],"detection":[54,88,99,145,211,241],"under":[55],"Rician":[56,74],"access":[61],"with":[62,143],"imperfect":[65],"synchronization.":[66,196],"We":[67,84],"that":[69,200],"large-scale":[71],"powers,":[73],"factors,":[75],"normalized":[77],"LoS":[78],"can":[80,208,238],"be":[81],"estimated":[82],"offline.":[83],"formulate":[85],"synchronous":[91,118,206],"case":[92,207],"joint":[94],"offset":[98],"three":[101,235],"asynchronous":[102,111,136,236],"cases":[103,237],"(i.e.,":[104],"time,":[105],"frequency,":[106],"cases)":[112],"as":[113],"MLE":[114,132],"problems.":[115],"In":[116,134,151],"case,":[119,137],"we":[120,138],"propose":[121,139],"an":[122],"iterative":[123,141],"algorithm":[124,203],"obtain":[126],"a":[127,219],"stationary":[128],"point":[129],"problem.":[133],"each":[135],"two":[140],"algorithms":[142,185,232],"identical":[144],"performance":[146],"but":[147],"different":[148],"computational":[149],"complexities.":[150],"particular,":[152],"one":[153],"is":[154,175],"computationally":[155,176],"efficient":[156,177],"small":[158],"ranges":[159,180],"offsets,":[161],"whereas":[162],"other":[164],"one,":[165],"relying":[166],"fast":[168],"Fourier":[169],"transform":[170],"(FFT)":[171],"inverse":[173],"FFT,":[174],"large":[179],"offsets.":[182],"The":[183],"generalize":[186],"MLE-based":[189,227,257],"methods":[190],"Numerical":[197],"results":[198],"show":[199],"reduce":[209,239],"error":[212,242],"probability":[213],"by":[214,247],"up":[215,248],"50.4%":[217],"at":[218],"78.6%":[220],"computation":[221,245],"increase,":[223],"compared":[224,254],"state-of-the-art,":[228],"probabilities":[243],"times":[246],"65.8%":[250],"92.0%,":[252],"respectively,":[253],"state-of-the-arts.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
