{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391019772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3352975","title":"Integrated Sensing and Communications for 3D Object Imaging via Bilinear Inference","display_name":"Integrated Sensing and Communications for 3D Object Imaging via Bilinear Inference","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391019772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3352975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3352975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3352975","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10410214.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10410214.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026798222","display_name":"Hyeon Seok Rou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3483-7629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193619901","display_name":"Constructor University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrs2n53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193619901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeon Seok Rou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3483-7629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193619901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193619901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042210188","display_name":"Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-8174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193619901","display_name":"Constructor University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrs2n53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193619901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-8174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193619901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193619901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632189","display_name":"David Gonz\u00e1lez G.","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-8481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147869694","display_name":"Continental (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0359s0245","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gonz\u00e1lez G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Guerickestrasse 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-8481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Guerickestrasse 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001239356","display_name":"Osvaldo Gonsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-8159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147869694","display_name":"Continental (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0359s0245","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osvaldo Gonsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Guerickestrasse 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-8159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications Technologies Group, Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Guerickestrasse 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9751,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98226696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"8636","last_page":"8653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7732999324798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7120290398597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.650532066822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.6104704737663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5639549493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5480830073356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.48760977387428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4331584572792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.42737245559692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.41824668645858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39559105038642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38720303773880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3573572635650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3393878936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26705896854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.24261265993118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1754501760005951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09747481346130371}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7732999324798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7120290398597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.650532066822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.6104704737663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5639549493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5480830073356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.48760977387428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4331584572792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.42737245559692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.41824668645858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39559105038642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38720303773880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3573572635650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3393878936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26705896854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.24261265993118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1754501760005951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09747481346130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3352975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3352975","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10410214.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3352975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3352975","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10410214.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391019772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391019772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595851582","https://openalex.org/W1510028821","https://openalex.org/W1524479019","https://openalex.org/W1984114931","https://openalex.org/W2008104692","https://openalex.org/W2010762921","https://openalex.org/W2059784185","https://openalex.org/W2169680472","https://openalex.org/W2246213498","https://openalex.org/W2311343622","https://openalex.org/W2543236603","https://openalex.org/W2590141315","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2706629214","https://openalex.org/W2730026819","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2761626116","https://openalex.org/W2763219399","https://openalex.org/W2800076918","https://openalex.org/W2805022829","https://openalex.org/W2807133510","https://openalex.org/W2893345561","https://openalex.org/W2911643182","https://openalex.org/W2921542497","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2963290381","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2968591670","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2972757045","https://openalex.org/W2972894689","https://openalex.org/W2974511635","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3009900345","https://openalex.org/W3022690338","https://openalex.org/W3031056847","https://openalex.org/W3038303609","https://openalex.org/W3072069827","https://openalex.org/W3114759294","https://openalex.org/W3116483105","https://openalex.org/W3129773144","https://openalex.org/W3134164132","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3158447459","https://openalex.org/W3163335770","https://openalex.org/W3173843961","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3194668692","https://openalex.org/W3200820186","https://openalex.org/W3201063899","https://openalex.org/W3204124338","https://openalex.org/W3211270128","https://openalex.org/W3212289002","https://openalex.org/W3212677559","https://openalex.org/W4200372175","https://openalex.org/W4206055247","https://openalex.org/W4210552697","https://openalex.org/W4226110098","https://openalex.org/W4231024208","https://openalex.org/W4285047812","https://openalex.org/W4290994006","https://openalex.org/W4323520911","https://openalex.org/W4323520939","https://openalex.org/W4379618895","https://openalex.org/W6698151053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W2165589608","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W2097713053","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W2140971184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"consider":[1],"an":[2],"uplink":[3],"integrated":[4],"sensing":[5],"and":[6,43,85,105,179,194],"communications":[7,49],"(ISAC)":[8],"scenario":[9],"where":[10],"the":[11,29,33,38,45,64,79,89,102,106,112,133,139,145,149,154,158,169,183],"detection":[12],"of":[13,28,63,82,88,148,153,157,164,192],"data":[14,83,103,141],"symbols":[15,84,104],"from":[16,32],"multiple":[17],"user":[18],"equipment":[19],"(UEs)":[20],"occurs":[21],"simultaneously":[22],"with":[23,72,189],"a":[24,59,96,115,173],"three-dimensional":[25],"(3D)":[26],"estimation":[27,81],"environment,":[30,65],"extracted":[31],"scattering":[34],"features":[35],"present":[36],"in":[37,100,136,197],"channel":[39,180],"state":[40],"information":[41],"(CSI)":[42],"utilizing":[44],"same":[46],"physical":[47],"layer":[48],"air":[50],"interface,":[51],"as":[52,142,144],"opposed":[53],"to":[54,119,131,176],"radar":[55],"technologies.":[56],"By":[57],"exploiting":[58],"discrete":[60],"(voxelated)":[61],"representation":[62],"two":[66],"novel":[67],"ISAC":[68],"schemes":[69],"are":[70,108,127],"derived":[71],"purpose-built":[73],"message":[74],"passing":[75],"(MP)":[76],"rules":[77],"for":[78],"joint":[80],"status":[86],"(filled/empty)":[87],"discretized":[90],"environment.":[91,150],"The":[92],"first":[93],"relies":[94],"on":[95],"modular":[97],"feedback":[98],"structure":[99],"which":[101],"environment":[107],"estimated":[109],"alternately,":[110],"whereas":[111],"second":[113],"leverages":[114],"bilinear":[116,170],"inference":[117],"framework":[118],"estimate":[120],"both":[121],"variables":[122],"concurrently.":[123],"Both":[124],"contributed":[125],"methods":[126,160],"shown":[128],"via":[129],"simulations":[130],"outperform":[132],"state-of-the-art":[134],"(SotA)":[135],"accurately":[137],"recovering":[138],"transmitted":[140],"well":[143],"3D":[146],"image":[147],"An":[151],"analysis":[152],"computational":[155],"complexities":[156],"proposed":[159],"reveals":[161],"distinct":[162],"advantages":[163],"each":[165],"scheme,":[166],"namely,":[167],"that":[168],"solution":[171,185],"exhibits":[172],"superior":[174,195],"robustness":[175],"short":[177],"pilots":[178],"blockages,":[181],"while":[182],"alternating":[184],"offers":[186],"lower":[187],"complexity":[188],"large":[190],"number":[191],"UEs":[193],"performance":[196],"ideal":[198],"conditions.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}