{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390285490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3344183","title":"Empirical Fading Model and Bayesian Calibration for Multipath-Enhanced Device-Free Localization","display_name":"Empirical Fading Model and Bayesian Calibration for Multipath-Enhanced Device-Free Localization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390285490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3344183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3344183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3344183","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10375338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10375338.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053113062","display_name":"Martin Schmidhammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-142X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Schmidhammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-142X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032476098","display_name":"Christian Gentner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Gentner","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-8195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069232208","display_name":"Michael Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-8716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-8716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029109217","display_name":"Stephan Sand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9502-5654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Sand","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9502-5654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050082655","display_name":"Benjamin Siebler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-408X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Siebler","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-408X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079217751","display_name":"Uwe\u2010Carsten Fiebig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-1140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe-Carsten Fiebig","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-1140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":2041,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2201},"fwci":0.5807,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67224934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"8168","last_page":"8183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.8238840103149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7390213012695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6489638090133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-delay-profile","display_name":"Power delay profile","score":0.5276832580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5181599855422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5081937313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.49825596809387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.49045297503471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4654543995857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2814731299877167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.2686885595321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25953197479248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.232946515083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1588081419467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15329846739768982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.8238840103149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7390213012695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6489638090133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776250087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938869","display_name":"Power delay profile","level":5,"score":0.5276832580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5181599855422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5081937313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.49825596809387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.49045297503471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4654543995857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2814731299877167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.2686885595321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25953197479248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.232946515083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1588081419467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15329846739768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3344183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3344183","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10375338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:201428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3344183>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3344183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3344183","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10375338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390285490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390285490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672145121","https://openalex.org/W1814500939","https://openalex.org/W1902722676","https://openalex.org/W1970398760","https://openalex.org/W1995128708","https://openalex.org/W2000637847","https://openalex.org/W2003716108","https://openalex.org/W2009951705","https://openalex.org/W2011416991","https://openalex.org/W2053217047","https://openalex.org/W2088648483","https://openalex.org/W2093651350","https://openalex.org/W2101996248","https://openalex.org/W2118097499","https://openalex.org/W2135647798","https://openalex.org/W2140669960","https://openalex.org/W2143737806","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2151034334","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2164093442","https://openalex.org/W2171038950","https://openalex.org/W2406318738","https://openalex.org/W2412917545","https://openalex.org/W2471110303","https://openalex.org/W2490436153","https://openalex.org/W2529984972","https://openalex.org/W2570080371","https://openalex.org/W2598778432","https://openalex.org/W2599557761","https://openalex.org/W2736129066","https://openalex.org/W2903854276","https://openalex.org/W2942228371","https://openalex.org/W2944738496","https://openalex.org/W2963851359","https://openalex.org/W2986797282","https://openalex.org/W3017005841","https://openalex.org/W3041650384","https://openalex.org/W3044896958","https://openalex.org/W3085139824","https://openalex.org/W3092478332","https://openalex.org/W3100465872","https://openalex.org/W3127012742","https://openalex.org/W3196562614","https://openalex.org/W3211270128","https://openalex.org/W4220992412","https://openalex.org/W4378576080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376969857","https://openalex.org/W207732638","https://openalex.org/W2801592279","https://openalex.org/W4252788403","https://openalex.org/W2171869298","https://openalex.org/W2034040913","https://openalex.org/W2257001073","https://openalex.org/W1992602584","https://openalex.org/W2549306799","https://openalex.org/W2107810879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multipath-enhanced":[0],"device-free":[1],"localization":[2,17,80,199],"(MDFL)":[3],"systems":[4,22,84],"determine":[5],"presence":[6],"and":[7,11,37,65,74,168],"location":[8,108],"of":[9,29,72,82,109,113,128,131,144,162,174,190,201,210],"objects":[10],"users":[12],"not":[13],"necessarily":[14],"equipped":[15],"with":[16],"devices.":[18],"For":[19,119],"localization,":[20],"MDFL":[21,83,202],"exploit":[23],"user-induced":[24,53],"changes":[25,54],"in":[26,55,194],"the":[27,79,88,91,95,107,110,125,137,142,152,163,175,179,188,191,198,208,211],"power":[28,57],"all":[30],"received":[31,56],"signal":[32],"components,":[33],"including":[34],"both":[35],"line-of-sight":[36],"multipath":[38],"components":[39],"(MPCs).":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"work,":[43],"we":[44,98],"therefore":[45],"provide":[46],"a":[47,101,145],"statistical":[48],"fading":[49],"model":[50,62],"that":[51,105],"describes":[52],"specifically":[58],"for":[59,203],"MPCs.":[60],"The":[61,160],"is":[63,134,154,166,183],"derived":[64],"validated":[66],"empirically":[67],"using":[68,170],"an":[69,204],"extensive":[70],"set":[71],"wideband":[73],"ultra-wideband":[75],"measurement":[76,171,177],"data.":[77,172],"Since":[78],"performance":[81],"strongly":[85],"depends":[86],"on":[87],"information":[89],"about":[90],"propagation":[92],"paths":[93],"within":[94],"wireless":[96],"network,":[97],"further":[99],"propose":[100],"Bayesian":[102,158,180,212],"calibration":[103,181,213],"approach":[104,165,182],"estimates":[106],"reflection":[111,132,192],"points":[112,133,193],"MPCs":[114,120],"caused":[115,121],"by":[116,122,156],"single-bounce":[117,123],"reflections.":[118],"reflections,":[124],"solution":[126],"space":[127],"possible":[129],"locations":[130,189],"constrained":[135],"to":[136,185],"delay":[138],"ellipse,":[139],"which":[140],"allows":[141],"formulation":[143],"computationally":[146],"efficient":[147],"one-dimensional":[148],"estimation":[149],"problem.":[150],"Eventually,":[151],"problem":[153],"solved":[155],"sequential":[157],"estimation.":[159],"applicability":[161,209],"proposed":[164],"demonstrated":[167],"evaluated":[169],"Independent":[173],"underlying":[176],"system,":[178],"shown":[184],"robustly":[186],"estimate":[187],"different":[195],"environments.":[196],"Finally,":[197],"results":[200],"indoor":[205],"scenario":[206],"confirm":[207],"approach.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
