{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388642423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3330199","title":"Soft Handover Procedures in mmWave Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks","display_name":"Soft Handover Procedures in mmWave Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388642423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3330199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3330199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3330199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002030922","display_name":"Mahmoud Zaher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-7241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Zaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064915398","display_name":"Marina Petrova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-2214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Petrova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","Mobile Communications and Computing Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobile Communications and Computing Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002030922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9544242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"6124","last_page":"6138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.799913763999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.7064240574836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.6472699642181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6462234258651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.6405530571937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5649033188819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5567737817764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5556497573852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4945926368236542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.45028290152549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.44898492097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.4391379654407501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.36498796939849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.3612261414527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3362695574760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.22737452387809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15983548760414124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.799913763999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.7064240574836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6472699642181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6462234258651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.6405530571937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5649033188819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5567737817764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5556497573852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4945926368236542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.45028290152549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.44898492097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.4391379654407501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.36498796939849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3612261414527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3362695574760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.22737452387809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15983548760414124}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3330199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3330199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6771436268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FFL18-0277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","funder_display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W2050129924","https://openalex.org/W2141461755","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2742503793","https://openalex.org/W2770587484","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2794129933","https://openalex.org/W2835824805","https://openalex.org/W2885833733","https://openalex.org/W2922989912","https://openalex.org/W2963894874","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W3035475152","https://openalex.org/W3045526577","https://openalex.org/W3080932450","https://openalex.org/W3082453238","https://openalex.org/W3103131504","https://openalex.org/W3111809517","https://openalex.org/W3114453971","https://openalex.org/W3122478004","https://openalex.org/W3162401526","https://openalex.org/W3169380645","https://openalex.org/W3188358066","https://openalex.org/W3196709551","https://openalex.org/W4214894509","https://openalex.org/W4226094834","https://openalex.org/W4289857278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W2907119020","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2064335375","https://openalex.org/W2083202929","https://openalex.org/W2544668827","https://openalex.org/W1985632843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"a":[3,13,76,85,165],"mmWave":[4],"cell-free":[5,62],"massive":[6,189],"MIMO":[7],"(multiple-input":[8],"multiple-output)":[9],"network":[10,177,193],"composed":[11],"of":[12,16,61,93,113,128,170],"large":[14],"number":[15,112,169],"geographically":[17],"distributed":[18,64,144],"access":[19,90,190],"points":[20],"(APs)":[21],"simultaneously":[22],"serving":[23,95],"multiple":[24],"user":[25],"equipments":[26],"(UEs)":[27],"via":[28],"coherent":[29],"joint":[30,67],"transmission.":[31],"We":[32,122],"address":[33],"UE":[34,80],"mobility":[35],"in":[36,75,126,194],"the":[37,56,94,110,124,148,160,192],"downlink":[38],"(DL)":[39],"with":[40,132,153],"imperfect":[41],"channel":[42],"state":[43],"information":[44],"(CSI)":[45],"and":[46,70,91,97,115,135],"pilot":[47,68,99,116,171,184],"training.":[48],"Aiming":[49],"at":[50],"extending":[51],"traditional":[52],"handover":[53],"concepts":[54],"to":[55,101,108,159,174,191],"challenging":[57],"AP-UE":[58,150],"association":[59,151],"strategies":[60],"networks,":[63],"algorithms":[65,83,145],"for":[66,88],"assignment":[69,185],"cluster":[71],"formation":[72],"are":[73],"proposed":[74,143],"dynamic":[77],"environment":[78],"considering":[79],"mobility.":[81],"The":[82,104],"provide":[84],"systematic":[86],"procedure":[87,186],"initial":[89],"update":[92],"APs":[96],"assigned":[98],"sequence":[100],"each":[102],"UE.":[103],"principal":[105],"goal":[106],"is":[107],"limit":[109],"necessary":[111],"AP":[114],"changes,":[117],"while":[118],"limiting":[119],"computational":[120,156],"complexity.":[121],"evaluate":[123],"performance,":[125],"terms":[127],"spectral":[129],"efficiency":[130],"(SE),":[131],"maximum":[133],"ratio":[134],"regularized":[136],"zero-forcing":[137],"precoding.":[138],"Results":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141,187],"our":[142],"effectively":[146],"identify":[147],"essential":[149],"refinements":[152],"orders-of-magnitude":[154],"lower":[155,167],"time":[157],"compared":[158,173],"state-of-the-art.":[161],"It":[162],"also":[163],"provides":[164],"significantly":[166],"average":[168],"changes":[172],"an":[175,182],"ultra-dense":[176],"(UDN).":[178],"Moreover,":[179],"we":[180],"develop":[181],"improved":[183],"facilitates":[188],"highly":[195],"loaded":[196],"scenarios.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
