{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387129500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3317934","title":"Fairness Enhancement of UAV Systems With Hybrid Active-Passive RIS","display_name":"Fairness Enhancement of UAV Systems With Hybrid Active-Passive RIS","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387129500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3317934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3317934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3317934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10266977.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10266977.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026216458","display_name":"Nhan T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-0147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nhan Thanh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037305946","display_name":"Van\u2010Dinh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-1063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142044","display_name":"VinUniversity","ror":"https://ror.org/052dmdr17","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142044"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Dinh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Computer Science, and the Center for Environmental Intelligence, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam","College of Engineering and Computer Science and also with the Center for Environmental Intelligence, VinUniversity, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Computer Science, and the Center for Environmental Intelligence, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142044"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Computer Science and also with the Center for Environmental Intelligence, VinUniversity, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072867245","display_name":"Hieu V. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-4019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129492623","display_name":"University of Da Nang","ror":"https://ror.org/03ecpp171","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129492623"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hieu Van Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam","Faculty of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129492623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129492623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048817096","display_name":"Qingqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039827493","display_name":"Antti T\u00f6lli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-9770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antti T\u00f6lli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029534229","display_name":"Markku Juntti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Juntti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026216458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.259,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94980806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"4379","last_page":"4396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5474340915679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41598713397979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2940472662448883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5474340915679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41598713397979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2940472662448883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3317934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3317934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10266977.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3317934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3317934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/4656680/10266977.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G158558184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A0505050011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G244202602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C20/IS/14773976","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2941027032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC 62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3519162672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"346208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4216414844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C19/IS/13713801/5G-Sky","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4394515442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FNR/C20/IS/14773976/RISOTTI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4420131350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5855958859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0119/2020/A3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G635061217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6233102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7214541741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FNR/C19/IS/13713801/5G-Sky","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7547104240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7797902843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C19/IS/13713801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vna4324"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336704","display_name":"Infotech Oulu","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387129500.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387129500.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100573451","https://openalex.org/W2610369112","https://openalex.org/W2783189583","https://openalex.org/W2894864561","https://openalex.org/W2949177141","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3000577820","https://openalex.org/W3010384738","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3015419519","https://openalex.org/W3019497660","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3088898206","https://openalex.org/W3090167083","https://openalex.org/W3099820194","https://openalex.org/W3102338891","https://openalex.org/W3109039904","https://openalex.org/W3110705241","https://openalex.org/W3133999295","https://openalex.org/W3134888006","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3146818589","https://openalex.org/W3157217691","https://openalex.org/W3158743991","https://openalex.org/W3161565715","https://openalex.org/W3167603521","https://openalex.org/W3168517868","https://openalex.org/W3169143203","https://openalex.org/W3171953287","https://openalex.org/W3173423177","https://openalex.org/W3180558487","https://openalex.org/W3188962160","https://openalex.org/W3193238875","https://openalex.org/W3194887689","https://openalex.org/W3198743033","https://openalex.org/W3206623460","https://openalex.org/W3210650436","https://openalex.org/W3213402248","https://openalex.org/W3213706254","https://openalex.org/W3214665976","https://openalex.org/W4205465442","https://openalex.org/W4210525043","https://openalex.org/W4226065768","https://openalex.org/W4285196564","https://openalex.org/W4288388721","https://openalex.org/W4290996501","https://openalex.org/W4293095156","https://openalex.org/W4312415321","https://openalex.org/W4315629518","https://openalex.org/W6687531013","https://openalex.org/W6797632548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,28,111],"consider":[1],"unmanned":[2],"aerial":[3],"vehicle":[4],"(UAV)-enabled":[5],"wireless":[6],"systems":[7],"where":[8,43],"downlink":[9],"communications":[10],"between":[11,107],"a":[12,21,31,49,104,158,168,188],"multi-antenna":[13],"UAV":[14,45],"and":[15,60,93,120,148,167],"multiple":[16,69],"users":[17,55,84],"are":[18,99,152],"assisted":[19],"by":[20,187],"hybrid":[22,159],"active-passive":[23],"reconfigurable":[24],"intelligent":[25],"surface":[26],"(RIS).":[27],"aim":[29],"at":[30,48,56],"fairness":[32],"design":[33],"of":[34,138,171,177,200],"two":[35],"typical":[36],"UAV-enabled":[37],"networks,":[38,74],"namely":[39],"the":[40,44,57,61,66,80,88,108,136,139,145,196],"static-UAV":[41],"network":[42,63],"is":[46,77,191],"deployed":[47],"fixed":[50],"location":[51],"to":[52,78,103,124,144],"serve":[53],"all":[54],"same":[58,197],"time,":[59],"mobile-UAV":[62,140],"which":[64],"employs":[65],"time":[67],"division":[68],"access":[70],"protocol.":[71],"In":[72,133],"both":[73],"our":[75],"goal":[76],"maximize":[79],"minimum":[81,182],"rate":[82],"among":[83],"through":[85],"jointly":[86],"optimizing":[87],"UAV\u2019s":[89],"location/trajectory,":[90],"transmit":[91,146],"beamformer,":[92],"RIS":[94,149,160,190],"coefficients.":[95],"The":[96],"resulting":[97],"problems":[98,128],"highly":[100],"nonconvex":[101],"due":[102],"strong":[105],"coupling":[106],"involved":[109],"variables.":[110],"develop":[112],"efficient":[113],"algorithms":[114],"based":[115],"on":[116],"block":[117],"coordinate":[118],"ascend":[119],"successive":[121],"convex":[122],"approximation":[123],"effectively":[125],"solve":[126],"these":[127],"in":[129,135,181],"an":[130,175],"iterative":[131],"manner.":[132],"particular,":[134],"optimization":[137],"network,":[141],"closed-form":[142],"solutions":[143],"beamformer":[147],"passive":[150,189],"coefficients":[151],"derived.":[153],"Numerical":[154],"results":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157,185],"equipped":[161],"with":[162,195],"only":[163,192],"4":[164],"active":[165],"elements":[166],"power":[169],"budget":[170],"0":[172],"dBm":[173],"offers":[174],"improvement":[176],"38%":[178],"\u2014":[179],"63%":[180],"rate,":[183],"while":[184],"achieved":[186],"about":[193],"15%,":[194],"total":[198],"number":[199],"elements.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}