{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386917289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3315580","title":"Toward Analytical Electromagnetic Models for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","display_name":"Toward Analytical Electromagnetic Models for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386917289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3315580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3315580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3315580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037650979","display_name":"Tiebin Mi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-116X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiebin Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-116X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460582","display_name":"Jianan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-183X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-183X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064884714","display_name":"Rujing Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rujing Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-5290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101817392","display_name":"Zhengyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9351-8145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9351-8145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103181325","display_name":"Pengfei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-5315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-5315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066014874","display_name":"Robert C. Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-5525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Caiming Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-5525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89527355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"4170","last_page":"4185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7292142510414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5813302397727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5082118511199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5035695433616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.43430665135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.42643147706985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.42193999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-electromagnetics","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","score":0.4198635220527649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35329288244247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.34869128465652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17137378454208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16938456892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16266262531280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15939033031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12888103723526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7292142510414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5813302397727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5082118511199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5035695433616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.43430665135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.42643147706985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.42193999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.4198635220527649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35329288244247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.34869128465652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17137378454208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16938456892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16266262531280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15939033031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12888103723526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3315580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3315580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2488712091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12141107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2274517597","https://openalex.org/W2509042838","https://openalex.org/W2536076834","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2901268226","https://openalex.org/W2901450205","https://openalex.org/W2916238596","https://openalex.org/W2962832549","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3022663626","https://openalex.org/W3028703596","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3036886449","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3081766336","https://openalex.org/W3092446067","https://openalex.org/W3099769502","https://openalex.org/W3101830715","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3120434479","https://openalex.org/W3126934368","https://openalex.org/W3132406383","https://openalex.org/W3132919426","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3192857289","https://openalex.org/W3199836582","https://openalex.org/W3203630573","https://openalex.org/W3208383956","https://openalex.org/W4214587758","https://openalex.org/W4214898014","https://openalex.org/W4292970212","https://openalex.org/W4389626908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W4289713616","https://openalex.org/W1583766797","https://openalex.org/W2900208508","https://openalex.org/W4210635634","https://openalex.org/W2128837420","https://openalex.org/W2896301116","https://openalex.org/W2138768692","https://openalex.org/W2329127187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physically":[0],"accurate":[1],"and":[2,12,26,42,55,60,63,100,119,151],"mathematically":[3],"tractable":[4],"models":[5,46],"are":[6],"presented":[7],"to":[8,77],"characterize":[9,78],"the":[10,50,53,61,79,102,108,112,117,130,145,157,160],"scattering":[11],"reflection":[13],"properties":[14],"of":[15,52,65,74,84,104,121,148,159],"reconfigurable":[16],"intelligent":[17],"surfaces":[18],"(RISs).":[19],"We":[20],"describe":[21],"a":[22,71,95],"single":[23],"metallic":[24],"patch":[25,27],"array,":[28],"as":[29,31,94],"well":[30],"their":[32],"interactions":[33],"with":[34],"multiple":[35],"incident":[36,54],"electromagnetic":[37],"(EM)":[38],"waves":[39],"using":[40],"continuous":[41],"discrete":[43],"strategies.":[44],"Our":[45],"take":[47],"into":[48],"account":[49],"effect":[51],"scattered":[56],"angles,":[57],"polarization":[58],"features,":[59],"topology":[62],"geometry":[64],"RISs.":[66],"In":[67],"particular,":[68],"we":[69,115],"propose":[70],"simple":[72],"system":[73],"linear":[75],"equations":[76],"multiple-input":[80],"multiple-output":[81],"(MIMO)":[82],"behaviors":[83],"RISs":[85],"under":[86],"appropriate":[87],"assumptions.":[88],"This":[89],"model":[90],"can":[91],"be":[92],"used":[93],"fundamental":[96],"tool":[97],"for":[98],"analyzing":[99],"optimizing":[101],"performance":[103],"RIS-aided":[105],"systems":[106],"in":[107],"far-field":[109],"regime.":[110],"Using":[111],"proposed":[113,161],"models,":[114],"identify":[116],"advantages":[118],"limitations":[120],"three":[122],"typical":[123],"configurations.":[124],"An":[125],"important":[126],"discovery":[127],"is":[128,144],"that":[129],"popular":[131],"phase":[132,152],"compensation":[133],"designs":[134],"cannot":[135],"provide":[136],"complicated":[137],"beam":[138],"reshaping":[139],"functionality.":[140],"A":[141],"possible":[142],"solution":[143],"simultaneous":[146],"configurations":[147],"collecting":[149],"area":[150],"shifting.":[153],"Numerical":[154],"simulations":[155],"validate":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"configuration":[162],"schemes.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
