{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386473203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3310000","title":"Enhancing Signal Space Diversity for SCMA Over Rayleigh Fading Channels","display_name":"Enhancing Signal Space Diversity for SCMA Over Rayleigh Fading Channels","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386473203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3310000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3310000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3310000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078371026","display_name":"Qu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-8375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-8375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zilong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-6929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012861792","display_name":"Gaojie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaojie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002566516","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82781285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"3676","last_page":"3690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-error-probability","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","score":0.7758176922798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.672484815120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.664206862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.630889892578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5752708911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5404447317123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5199383497238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5162848830223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-word","display_name":"Code word","score":0.5068867802619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmit-diversity","display_name":"Transmit diversity","score":0.4215020537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.38636136054992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3487846255302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3373335599899292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780839233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000284","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","level":4,"score":0.7758176922798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.672484815120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.664206862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.630889892578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5752708911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5404447317123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5199383497238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5162848830223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153207627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863873","display_name":"Code word","level":3,"score":0.5068867802619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117218131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834664","display_name":"Transmit diversity","level":4,"score":0.4215020537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.38636136054992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3487846255302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3373335599899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3310000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3310000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:36232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2023.3310000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G203086983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"311646/070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3148493448","display_name":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO for Future Wireless Networks","funder_award_id":"EP/X013162/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3307231356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X013162/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4473851220","display_name":"New Signal Design and Processing for Future Vehicular Communications (DRIVE)","funder_award_id":"EP/X035352/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7019323215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X035352/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995911165","https://openalex.org/W2008104692","https://openalex.org/W2024083914","https://openalex.org/W2042519026","https://openalex.org/W2098076345","https://openalex.org/W2110238624","https://openalex.org/W2117778302","https://openalex.org/W2123642416","https://openalex.org/W2123958913","https://openalex.org/W2136200449","https://openalex.org/W2144492276","https://openalex.org/W2150940322","https://openalex.org/W2167375941","https://openalex.org/W2496901463","https://openalex.org/W2774725773","https://openalex.org/W2794723495","https://openalex.org/W2795078089","https://openalex.org/W2798771103","https://openalex.org/W2887860413","https://openalex.org/W2888797613","https://openalex.org/W2900805756","https://openalex.org/W2918455720","https://openalex.org/W2945314436","https://openalex.org/W2946835039","https://openalex.org/W3004982678","https://openalex.org/W3007836891","https://openalex.org/W3015606095","https://openalex.org/W3025097655","https://openalex.org/W3094659535","https://openalex.org/W3120998525","https://openalex.org/W3133516599","https://openalex.org/W3134567856","https://openalex.org/W3135141538","https://openalex.org/W3135176013","https://openalex.org/W4211208648","https://openalex.org/W4224250667","https://openalex.org/W4226329015","https://openalex.org/W4230959423","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4321482236","https://openalex.org/W4376478434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369939250","https://openalex.org/W2355032504","https://openalex.org/W1588525449","https://openalex.org/W2050865889","https://openalex.org/W2145406111","https://openalex.org/W1966593131","https://openalex.org/W2393018242","https://openalex.org/W4376277154","https://openalex.org/W4384933762","https://openalex.org/W4387250799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"code":[1,49],"multiple":[2,50],"access":[3,51],"(SCMA)":[4,52],"is":[5,29,74,132],"a":[6,24,30,63,72,110],"promising":[7],"technique":[8],"for":[9,32,41],"the":[10,43,59,83,89,95,104,122,142],"enabling":[11],"of":[12,35,47,62,94],"massive":[13],"connectivity":[14],"in":[15,67,141],"future":[16],"machine-type":[17],"communication":[18],"networks,":[19],"but":[20],"it":[21],"suffers":[22],"from":[23],"limited":[25],"diversity":[26,46],"order":[27],"which":[28],"bottleneck":[31],"significant":[33,137],"improvement":[34,140],"error":[36,91,138],"performance.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"aims":[40],"enhancing":[42],"signal":[44],"space":[45],"sparse":[48],"by":[53,102],"introducing":[54],"quadrature":[55],"component":[56],"delay":[57],"to":[58],"transmitted":[60],"codeword":[61],"downlink":[64],"SCMA":[65],"system":[66,73],"Rayleigh":[68],"fading":[69],"channels.":[70],"Such":[71],"called":[75],"SSD-SCMA":[76,147],"throughout":[77],"this":[78],"work.":[79],"By":[80],"looking":[81],"into":[82],"average":[84],"mutual":[85],"information":[86],"(AMI)":[87],"and":[88,109,126,145],"pairwise":[90],"probability":[92],"(PEP)":[93],"proposed":[96,127],"SSD-SCMA,":[97],"we":[98],"develop":[99],"novel":[100],"codebooks":[101],"maximizing":[103],"derived":[105],"AMI":[106,123],"lower":[107,124],"bound":[108,125],"modified":[111],"minimum":[112],"product":[113],"distance":[114],"(MMPD),":[115],"respectively.":[116],"The":[117],"intrinsic":[118],"asymptotic":[119],"relationship":[120],"between":[121],"MMPD":[128],"based":[129],"codebook":[130],"designs":[131],"revealed.":[133],"Numerical":[134],"results":[135],"show":[136],"performance":[139],"both":[143],"uncoded":[144],"coded":[146],"systems.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}