{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386363074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3309006","title":"Active RIS Enabled Secure NOMA Communications With Discrete Phase Shifting","display_name":"Active RIS Enabled Secure NOMA Communications With Discrete Phase Shifting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386363074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3309006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3309006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3309006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001469126","display_name":"Caihong Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-043X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caihong Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756108","display_name":"Hua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-2576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035249214","display_name":"Shiya Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0240-1531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiya Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029384171","display_name":"Keping Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keping Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080875949","display_name":"Xiaoming Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-8723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001469126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5074,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93373594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"3493","last_page":"3506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11328","display_name":"Ocular Oncology and Treatments","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.7695562839508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7397472858428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.529272198677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5095422863960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.5031036734580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4557572901248932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4470663368701935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4433869421482086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42793500423431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33012205362319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31907743215560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.20676279067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19877967238426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.126896470785141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08544835448265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.07534527778625488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.7695562839508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7397472858428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.529272198677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5095422863960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.5031036734580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4557572901248932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4470663368701935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4433869421482086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42793500423431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33012205362319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31907743215560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.20676279067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19877967238426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.126896470785141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08544835448265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.07534527778625488}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3309006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3309006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1722169363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923046584","https://openalex.org/W2277419020","https://openalex.org/W2509696551","https://openalex.org/W2798503637","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3006962285","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3022663626","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3091866666","https://openalex.org/W3095076735","https://openalex.org/W3099636798","https://openalex.org/W3104938594","https://openalex.org/W3108070921","https://openalex.org/W3111012323","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3121416728","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3140496450","https://openalex.org/W3164665462","https://openalex.org/W3178014739","https://openalex.org/W3193591298","https://openalex.org/W3197488186","https://openalex.org/W3198743033","https://openalex.org/W3205914885","https://openalex.org/W3208940722","https://openalex.org/W3212620775","https://openalex.org/W3214334574","https://openalex.org/W3216753461","https://openalex.org/W4206296593","https://openalex.org/W4211191225","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4235244696","https://openalex.org/W4240946951","https://openalex.org/W4296079333","https://openalex.org/W4296558834","https://openalex.org/W4296704797","https://openalex.org/W4312830363","https://openalex.org/W4312984309","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4317892505"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W2765236478","https://openalex.org/W4360996312","https://openalex.org/W4309408293","https://openalex.org/W2529506699","https://openalex.org/W2964123890","https://openalex.org/W3156341280","https://openalex.org/W2171603201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Active":[0],"reconfigurable":[1],"intelligent":[2],"surface":[3],"(RIS)":[4],"is":[5,106],"deemed":[6],"a":[7,46,53,148],"prospective":[8],"candidate":[9],"to":[10,57,165],"compensate":[11],"the":[12,18,28,40,63,76,129,135,153,167,172,179,187,201],"double":[13],"fading":[14],"attenuation":[15],"caused":[16],"by":[17,216],"passive":[19,180],"RIS,":[20],"where":[21,62],"each":[22],"element":[23],"can":[24,151],"reflect":[25],"and":[26,86,113,132,137,169,182,200],"amplify":[27],"received":[29],"signals":[30],"through":[31,52],"its":[32],"low":[33],"power":[34,190],"integrating":[35],"amplifiers.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"investigates":[39],"physical":[41],"layer":[42],"security":[43,173,211],"(PLS)":[44],"for":[45,91,175],"non-orthogonal":[47],"multiple":[48,59],"access":[49],"(NOMA)":[50],"system":[51,98],"deployed":[54],"active":[55,93,176],"RIS":[56,66,94],"defend":[58],"eavesdroppers":[60],"(Eves),":[61],"practical":[64],"discrete":[65,136],"phase":[67,139,159,195],"shift":[68],"designs":[69],"are":[70,99,121,141,163,213],"taken":[71],"into":[72],"account.":[73],"To":[74],"characterize":[75],"secrecy":[77,82,88,118,154],"performance,":[78],"analytical":[79],"expressions":[80],"of":[81,109,127,157,194,203],"outage":[83],"probability":[84],"(SOP)":[85],"effective":[87],"throughput":[89],"(EST)":[90],"an":[92],"assisted":[95],"NOMA":[96],"(RIS-NOMA)":[97],"derived":[100],"based":[101,123],"on":[102,124,210],"heuristic":[103],"approximations,":[104],"which":[105,128],"in":[107],"consideration":[108],"two":[110],"scenarios":[111],"with":[112],"without":[114],"direct":[115],"links.":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"diversity":[119,155],"orders":[120],"attained":[122],"theoretical":[125],"results,":[126],"convergence":[130],"rates":[131],"gaps":[133],"between":[134],"continuous":[138,158],"shifting":[140],"further":[142],"evaluated.":[143],"The":[144,192],"results":[145,162],"reveal":[146],"that":[147,171],"4-bit":[149],"quantization":[150,196],"achieve":[152],"order":[156],"shifts.":[160],"Numerical":[161],"furnished":[164],"corroborate":[166],"analyses,":[168],"illustrate":[170],"performance":[174,212],"RIS-NOMA":[177,181],"outperforms":[178],"conventional":[183],"cooperation":[184],"communications":[185],"under":[186],"same":[188],"total":[189],"consumption.":[191],"impacts":[193],"bit,":[197],"amplification":[198],"factor":[199],"number":[202],"Eves":[204],"as":[205,207],"well":[206],"reflective":[208],"elements":[209],"also":[214],"substantiated":[215],"simulations.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}