{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386090274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","title":"Sensing-Assisted Eavesdropper Estimation: An ISAC Breakthrough in Physical Layer Security","display_name":"Sensing-Assisted Eavesdropper Estimation: An ISAC Breakthrough in Physical Layer Security","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386090274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3306029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042954753","display_name":"Nanchi Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanchi Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-9188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371038","display_name":"Fan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-9317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-9317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030334551","display_name":"Christos Masouros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Masouros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-6615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99692308,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"3162","last_page":"3174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7791835069656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7263621091842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.504275918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4165094494819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4163041114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.38129696249961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3168463408946991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7791835069656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7263621091842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.504275918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4165094494819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4163041114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.38129696249961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3168463408946991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3306029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1158539859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M014126/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3658063426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4327584750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V007734/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4343183693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62027802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4354455151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4585092078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M014150/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952808109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YESS20210055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311778","funder_display_name":"China Association for Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5771807333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W026252/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6486689234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20B2039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7094448879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S028455/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7461758821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007934/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8224135925","display_name":"Learning to Communicate: Deep Learning based solutions for the Physical Layer of Machine Type Communications [LeanCom]","funder_award_id":"EP/S028455/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311778","display_name":"China Association for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035vmht26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W1980427653","https://openalex.org/W2005602327","https://openalex.org/W2008430306","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2040317577","https://openalex.org/W2114694381","https://openalex.org/W2114809056","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2125884950","https://openalex.org/W2133108373","https://openalex.org/W2148744371","https://openalex.org/W2153298783","https://openalex.org/W2248093993","https://openalex.org/W2506399502","https://openalex.org/W2515680383","https://openalex.org/W2566155463","https://openalex.org/W2753029281","https://openalex.org/W2782623373","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2795059371","https://openalex.org/W2898104747","https://openalex.org/W2900361637","https://openalex.org/W2951509903","https://openalex.org/W2972757045","https://openalex.org/W3021983954","https://openalex.org/W3024101484","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3177262287","https://openalex.org/W3183034622","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3204187570","https://openalex.org/W3213070675","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4250739957","https://openalex.org/W4289713099","https://openalex.org/W4312830363","https://openalex.org/W4313042286","https://openalex.org/W4321636762","https://openalex.org/W4322576415","https://openalex.org/W4384158446","https://openalex.org/W6845610650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286787716","https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W3035129152","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W4287854872","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,90,142],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,24,45,56,74,84,100,114,118,121,127,136,174,186,193,206],"sensing-aided":[6],"physical":[7],"layer":[8],"security":[9,161,177],"(PLS)":[10],"towards":[11],"Integrated":[12],"Sensing":[13],"and":[14,77,125,176,204],"Communication":[15],"(ISAC)":[16],"systems.":[17],"A":[18],"well-known":[19],"limitation":[20],"of":[21,36,47,99,120,131,156,185,192,200,208],"PLS":[22],"is":[23,96],"need":[25],"to":[26,50,66,111,163],"have":[27],"information":[28,86],"about":[29,87],"potential":[30,48,69,88],"eavesdroppers":[31],"(Eves).":[32],"The":[33],"sensing":[34,175,209],"functionality":[35],"ISAC":[37,57],"offers":[38],"an":[39,63,211],"enabling":[40],"role":[41],"here,":[42],"by":[43,72],"estimating":[44],"directions":[46,71,155],"Eves":[49],"inform":[51],"PLS.":[52,215],"our":[54],"approach,":[55],"base":[58],"station":[59],"(BS)":[60],"firstly":[61],"emits":[62],"omnidirectional":[64],"waveform":[65],"search":[67],"for":[68,213],"Eves\u2019":[70,101],"employing":[73],"combined":[75],"Capon":[76],"approximate":[78],"maximum":[79],"likelihood":[80],"(CAML)":[81],"technique.":[82],"Using":[83],"resulting":[85,182],"Eves,":[89],"formulate":[91,106],"secrecy":[92,115],"rate":[93,116],"expressions,":[94],"which":[95],"a":[97,107,144,148],"function":[98],"estimation":[102,138,172],"accuracy.":[103],"We":[104],"then":[105],"weighted":[108],"optimization":[109],"problem":[110],"simultaneously":[112],"maximize":[113],"with":[117,147,189],"aid":[119],"artificial":[122],"noise":[123],"(AN),":[124],"minimize":[126],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[128],"Bound":[129],"(CRB)":[130],"targets\u2019/Eves\u2019":[132],"estimation.":[133],"By":[134,170],"taking":[135],"possible":[137,154],"errors":[139],"into":[140],"account,":[141],"enforce":[143],"beampattern":[145],"constraint":[146],"wide":[149],"main":[150],"beam":[151],"covering":[152],"all":[153,167],"Eves.":[157],"This":[158],"implicates":[159],"that":[160],"needs":[162],"be":[164],"enforced":[165],"in":[166,183],"these":[168,201],"directions.":[169],"improving":[171],"accuracy,":[173],"functionalities":[178],"provide":[179],"mutual":[180,187,202],"benefits,":[181],"improvement":[184],"performances":[188],"every":[190],"iteration":[191],"optimization,":[194],"until":[195],"convergence.":[196],"Our":[197],"results":[198],"avail":[199],"benefits":[203],"reveal":[205],"usefulness":[207],"as":[210],"enabler":[212],"practical":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}