{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385299374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3297903","title":"A Game-Theoretical and Spatial Approach to Mitigate Pilot Contamination in Crowded Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"A Game-Theoretical and Spatial Approach to Mitigate Pilot Contamination in Crowded Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385299374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3297903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3297903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3297903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092551610","display_name":"Homayoun Afshari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-4729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Homayoun Afshari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ITALY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ITALY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015405720","display_name":"Zolfa Zeinalpour\u2010Yazdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-6392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zolfa Zeinalpour-Yazdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","Electrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, IRAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, IRAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092551610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59699394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"2357","last_page":"2368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8244731426239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7768512964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7612347602844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7131593227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.5796046853065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5524911284446716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5069385170936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5041955709457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.43128523230552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42247509956359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4109000861644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35195422172546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3423495292663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34063082933425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.333778440952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.14656496047973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11827513575553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10429662466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.09711551666259766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8244731426239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7768512964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7612347602844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7131593227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.5796046853065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5524911284446716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5069385170936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5041955709457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.43128523230552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42247509956359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4109000861644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35195422172546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3423495292663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34063082933425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.333778440952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.14656496047973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11827513575553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10429662466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.09711551666259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3297903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3297903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515962983","https://openalex.org/W1585041905","https://openalex.org/W1588797481","https://openalex.org/W1971031702","https://openalex.org/W1993455775","https://openalex.org/W2013546591","https://openalex.org/W2036814222","https://openalex.org/W2069844710","https://openalex.org/W2111113050","https://openalex.org/W2115806178","https://openalex.org/W2136644341","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2174469529","https://openalex.org/W2182231018","https://openalex.org/W2208500189","https://openalex.org/W2237176355","https://openalex.org/W2274023127","https://openalex.org/W2338465892","https://openalex.org/W2516205148","https://openalex.org/W2539198515","https://openalex.org/W2574472802","https://openalex.org/W2751030495","https://openalex.org/W2896814869","https://openalex.org/W2901294624","https://openalex.org/W2912386116","https://openalex.org/W2955722827","https://openalex.org/W2963411606","https://openalex.org/W2964118826","https://openalex.org/W3092212020","https://openalex.org/W3095360660","https://openalex.org/W3097860381","https://openalex.org/W3100505697","https://openalex.org/W4212943924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W2561058892","https://openalex.org/W2919203996","https://openalex.org/W240709090","https://openalex.org/W2903826065","https://openalex.org/W3013215993","https://openalex.org/W4247039252","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W4233932151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,68,87,92],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,31,57,76,110,139],"mitigate":[7],"pilot":[8,140],"contamination":[9],"by":[10],"enabling":[11],"effective":[12,135],"beamforming":[13,136],"in":[14,21,44,67],"crowded":[15],"massive":[16],"Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output":[17],"(MIMO)":[18],"systems":[19],"operating":[20],"Time":[22],"Division":[23],"Duplex":[24],"(TDD)":[25],"mode.":[26],"The":[27],"main":[28],"idea":[29],"is":[30,91],"resolve":[32],"angular":[33,131],"overlaps":[34],"among":[35,86],"the":[36,45,82,111,114,126,129],"signals":[37],"that":[38,113,121],"base":[39,61,115],"stations":[40,116],"receive":[41],"from":[42],"users":[43,51],"wireless":[46],"network.":[47],"In":[48,79],"this":[49,80,122],"method,":[50],"randomly":[52],"become":[53],"active":[54],"and":[55,104,137],"try":[56],"access":[58],"their":[59],"corresponding":[60],"stations.":[62],"Then,":[63],"they":[64],"periodically":[65],"participate":[66],"carefully":[69],"designed":[70],"game":[71,123],"wherein":[72],"only":[73],"winners":[74],"get":[75],"remain":[77],"active.":[78],"game,":[81],"probability":[83],"of":[84,89,95,108,128],"winning":[85],"group":[88],"contenders":[90],"direct":[93],"function":[94],"having":[96],"relatively":[97],"higher":[98],"transmission":[99],"power,":[100],"better":[101],"channel":[102],"conditions,":[103],"more":[105],"correlated":[106],"directions":[107],"arrival":[109],"angles":[112],"estimate.":[117],"We":[118,142],"analytically":[119],"prove":[120],"can":[124],"guarantee":[125],"resolution":[127],"so-called":[130],"overlap,":[132],"which":[133],"enables":[134],"leads":[138],"decontamination.":[141],"also":[143],"support":[144],"our":[145],"statements":[146],"through":[147],"Monte":[148],"Carlo":[149],"simulations.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}