{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382203566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3288122","title":"Vertical Federated Learning Over Cloud-RAN: Convergence Analysis and System Optimization","display_name":"Vertical Federated Learning Over Cloud-RAN: Convergence Analysis and System Optimization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382203566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3288122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3288122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3288122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022499594","display_name":"Yuanming Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-7465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026012171","display_name":"Shuhao Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-2453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhao Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041989556","display_name":"Yong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7499-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016799540","display_name":"Yijie Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-2998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijie Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005072193","display_name":"Chunxiao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3703-121X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxiao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Space Center and the Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Space Center and the Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016127527","display_name":"Meixia Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-0954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meixia Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022499594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95457255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"1327","last_page":"1342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8254700899124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6681429147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5957314372062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5839836597442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5446618795394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.5084442496299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4893929064273834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4305265545845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41495928168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.35713016986846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3163071870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23722907900810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.1613864302635193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8254700899124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6681429147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5957314372062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5839836597442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5446618795394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.5084442496299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4893929064273834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4305265545845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41495928168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.35713016986846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3163071870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23722907900810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.1613864302635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3288122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3288122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2661044310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23ZR1442800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3886632535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5684485907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22QA1406100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561759234","https://openalex.org/W1698719573","https://openalex.org/W1751687266","https://openalex.org/W1964590153","https://openalex.org/W1970767514","https://openalex.org/W1978842364","https://openalex.org/W2111406701","https://openalex.org/W2131750568","https://openalex.org/W2213621529","https://openalex.org/W2338770003","https://openalex.org/W2786614037","https://openalex.org/W2796104866","https://openalex.org/W2907379776","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2981138228","https://openalex.org/W2995053006","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W3010012151","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3036275239","https://openalex.org/W3036822879","https://openalex.org/W3041971333","https://openalex.org/W3088898206","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3099769178","https://openalex.org/W3103657382","https://openalex.org/W3103833233","https://openalex.org/W3129046134","https://openalex.org/W3138364951","https://openalex.org/W3145921247","https://openalex.org/W3167689670","https://openalex.org/W3168104141","https://openalex.org/W3175438211","https://openalex.org/W3183645631","https://openalex.org/W3188102017","https://openalex.org/W3192843186","https://openalex.org/W3201314735","https://openalex.org/W3202492415","https://openalex.org/W3203789000","https://openalex.org/W3203818865","https://openalex.org/W3204183032","https://openalex.org/W3205260830","https://openalex.org/W3212941463","https://openalex.org/W4221152660","https://openalex.org/W4221167370","https://openalex.org/W4226129056","https://openalex.org/W4281638644","https://openalex.org/W4297094405","https://openalex.org/W4300840296","https://openalex.org/W4312592911","https://openalex.org/W4384158407","https://openalex.org/W6765541894","https://openalex.org/W6770746549","https://openalex.org/W6810629428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592537445","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W3138350675","https://openalex.org/W2436923341","https://openalex.org/W2902173727","https://openalex.org/W4287262510","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W3011943308","https://openalex.org/W4285407571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vertical":[0],"federated":[1],"learning":[2,8,123,151],"(FL)":[3],"is":[4,36,43],"a":[5,15,67,155],"collaborative":[6],"machine":[7],"framework":[9,158,196],"that":[10],"enables":[11],"devices":[12],"to":[13,38,45,53,78,185],"learn":[14],"global":[16],"model":[17,56,83,97,106],"from":[18],"the":[19,29,32,39,105,117,122,134,138,150,187,190],"feature-partition":[20],"datasets":[21],"without":[22],"sharing":[23],"local":[24,33],"raw":[25],"data.":[26],"However,":[27,104],"as":[28],"number":[30],"of":[31,137,189],"intermediate":[34],"outputs":[35],"proportional":[37],"training":[40],"samples,":[41],"it":[42],"critical":[44],"develop":[46],"communication-efficient":[47],"techniques":[48],"for":[49,125,166,197],"wireless":[50],"vertical":[51,75,126,139,198],"FL":[52,76,140],"support":[54],"high-dimensional":[55],"aggregation":[57,84,98,107],"with":[58,95],"full":[59],"device":[60],"participation.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65,132,153],"propose":[66],"novel":[68],"cloud":[69],"radio":[70],"access":[71],"network":[72],"(Cloud-RAN)":[73],"based":[74,175],"system":[77,156,176,192],"enable":[79],"fast":[80],"and":[81,90,112,145,162,171,194],"accurate":[82],"by":[85,110,116,159],"leveraging":[86],"over-the-air":[87],"computation":[88],"(AirComp)":[89],"alleviating":[91],"communication":[92],"straggler":[93],"issue":[94],"cooperative":[96],"among":[99],"geographically":[100],"distributed":[101],"edge":[102],"servers.":[103],"error":[108],"caused":[109,115],"AirComp":[111],"quantization":[113,164],"errors":[114],"limited":[118],"fronthaul":[119,163],"capacity":[120],"degrade":[121],"performance":[124],"FL.":[127,199],"To":[128,148],"address":[129],"these":[130],"issues,":[131],"characterize":[133],"convergence":[135],"behavior":[136],"algorithm":[141],"considering":[142],"both":[143],"uplink":[144],"downlink":[146],"transmissions.":[147],"improve":[149],"performance,":[152],"establish":[154],"optimization":[157,177,195],"joint":[160],"transceiver":[161],"design,":[165],"which":[167],"successive":[168],"convex":[169,173],"approximation":[170],"alternate":[172],"search":[174],"algorithms":[178],"are":[179],"developed.":[180],"We":[181],"conduct":[182],"extensive":[183],"simulations":[184],"demonstrate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"proposed":[191],"architecture":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}