{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379382662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3280536","title":"Frequency-Offset Information Aided Self Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Dynamic Multi-UAV Networks","display_name":"Frequency-Offset Information Aided Self Time Synchronization Scheme for High-Dynamic Multi-UAV Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379382662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3280536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3280536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3280536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698530","display_name":"Xin Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6012-9250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6012-9250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674658","display_name":"Jianping An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032322682","display_name":"Changhao Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8363-6594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8363-6594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053119799","display_name":"Gaofeng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-5717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaofeng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-5717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047862167","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.924572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"607","last_page":"620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79499351978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.7477990388870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6827232837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5933798551559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5108925700187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5015802383422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.45948657393455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-exchange","display_name":"Information exchange","score":0.4105328917503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3514099717140198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32510906457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18406450748443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1492164433002472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10181009769439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09955468773841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09096646308898926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79499351978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.7477990388870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6827232837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5933798551559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5108925700187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5015802383422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.45948657393455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.4105328917503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3514099717140198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32510906457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18406450748443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1492164433002472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10181009769439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09955468773841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09096646308898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3280536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3280536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3400396462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"?62201060?","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967446311","https://openalex.org/W1981361008","https://openalex.org/W2003321974","https://openalex.org/W2064481739","https://openalex.org/W2095391146","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2111297926","https://openalex.org/W2112901334","https://openalex.org/W2115642551","https://openalex.org/W2170971335","https://openalex.org/W2171665783","https://openalex.org/W2286325118","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2342656438","https://openalex.org/W2783103509","https://openalex.org/W2790475903","https://openalex.org/W2885935921","https://openalex.org/W2896391980","https://openalex.org/W2901790394","https://openalex.org/W2988863324","https://openalex.org/W3008643714","https://openalex.org/W3019736941","https://openalex.org/W3080846527","https://openalex.org/W3081208694","https://openalex.org/W3107185102","https://openalex.org/W3134213182","https://openalex.org/W3135223881","https://openalex.org/W3136831892","https://openalex.org/W3175592473","https://openalex.org/W3180947393","https://openalex.org/W3212701611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060561905","https://openalex.org/W1417711376","https://openalex.org/W2032260263","https://openalex.org/W1986883493","https://openalex.org/W2469862403","https://openalex.org/W2166378262","https://openalex.org/W2035891203","https://openalex.org/W4379524643","https://openalex.org/W2011027677","https://openalex.org/W2070290693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,43,71,107,150,200],"the":[2,35,73,91,110,115,124,142,153,157,161,168,171,174,187,201],"unique":[3],"merits":[4],"of":[5,28,144,156,170],"unmanned":[6],"aerial":[7],"vehicle":[8],"(UAV)":[9],"systems,":[10],"they":[11],"have":[12],"already":[13],"been":[14],"harnessed":[15],"for":[16,90,152,160],"military,":[17],"public,":[18],"and":[19,30,96,177,196],"civil":[20],"applications.":[21],"Time":[22],"synchronization":[23],"is":[24,94,127],"a":[25,86,98,120,131,138],"significant":[26],"premise":[27],"formatting":[29],"applying":[31],"UAV":[32,164],"networks.":[33,165],"However,":[34],"irregular":[36,80],"high-speed":[37,81],"mobile":[38],"UAVs":[39,77],"pose":[40],"new":[41,121],"challenges":[42],"time":[44,49],"synchronization,":[45],"especially":[46],"when":[47],"external":[48,66],"references":[50],"are":[51,181],"unavailable":[52],"in":[53,58,193],"some":[54],"rigid":[55],"scenarios.":[56],"Therefore,":[57],"these":[59],"harsh":[60],"cases,":[61],"self-time-synchronization":[62],"(STS)":[63],"without":[64],"any":[65],"assistance":[67,143],"should":[68],"be":[69,105,148],"concerned":[70],"overcome":[72],"relative":[74],"velocity":[75],"between":[76],"caused":[78],"by":[79,113],"motion.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"realistic":[87],"timestamps":[88,208],"model":[89],"multi-UAV":[92],"networks":[93],"established,":[95],"then":[97],"dynamic":[99,162],"topology-based":[100],"maximum":[101],"likelihood":[102],"estimator":[103,122],"will":[104,147],"developed":[106],"carry":[108],"out":[109],"STS.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"introducing":[114],"information":[116],"on":[117,130],"frequency":[118],"offset,":[119],"with":[123,141],"closed-form":[125],"expression":[126],"proposed":[128,188],"based":[129],"two-way":[132,203],"message":[133,204],"exchange":[134,205],"framework.":[135],"After":[136],"that,":[137],"tracking":[139],"algorithm":[140,189,206],"estimation":[145,175],"results":[146,184],"introduced":[149],"compensate":[151],"time-varying":[154],"change":[155],"clock":[158],"parameters":[159],"topology":[163],"To":[166],"evaluate":[167],"performance":[169,195],"estimator,":[172],"both":[173],"error":[176],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[178],"lower":[179],"bound":[180],"analyzed.":[182],"Numerical":[183],"show":[185],"that":[186],"exhibits":[190],"its":[191],"superiority":[192],"STS":[194],"computational":[197],"complexity":[198],"compared":[199],"existing":[202],"using":[207],"only.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}