{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4328008035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3256961","title":"PRONTO: Preamble Overhead Reduction With Neural Networks for Coarse Synchronization","display_name":"PRONTO: Preamble Overhead Reduction With Neural Networks for Coarse Synchronization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4328008035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3256961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3256961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3256961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038366215","display_name":"Nasim Soltani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-653X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasim Soltani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-653X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010877111","display_name":"Debashri Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-7137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debashri Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-7137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080483470","display_name":"Kaushik Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-2622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69333187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"7848","last_page":"7861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preamble","display_name":"Preamble","score":0.8430621027946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7917089462280273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5570877194404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5211389064788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5119038820266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.49738386273384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.47449326515197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45782575011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4158787131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4121694266796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22324886918067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21267083287239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1431518793106079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780691134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129448","display_name":"Preamble","level":3,"score":0.8430621027946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7917089462280273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5570877194404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5211389064788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5119038820266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.49738386273384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.47449326515197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45782575011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4158787131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4121694266796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22324886918067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21267083287239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1431518793106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3256961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3256961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1416119019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1923789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595104169","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2105115450","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2167490565","https://openalex.org/W2284672973","https://openalex.org/W2293372616","https://openalex.org/W2616108305","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2903139904","https://openalex.org/W2915097532","https://openalex.org/W2957267905","https://openalex.org/W2969501117","https://openalex.org/W2994792572","https://openalex.org/W3019546206","https://openalex.org/W3038342299","https://openalex.org/W3046200519","https://openalex.org/W3047492485","https://openalex.org/W3047547827","https://openalex.org/W3095910127","https://openalex.org/W3106557886","https://openalex.org/W3130416401","https://openalex.org/W3132775751","https://openalex.org/W3134215411","https://openalex.org/W3147427779","https://openalex.org/W3153068911","https://openalex.org/W3153147069","https://openalex.org/W3154667606","https://openalex.org/W3161589351","https://openalex.org/W3181667991","https://openalex.org/W3194939904","https://openalex.org/W4236909075","https://openalex.org/W4297537059","https://openalex.org/W4312435603","https://openalex.org/W6747916894","https://openalex.org/W6775398878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131553538","https://openalex.org/W2369766703","https://openalex.org/W3204754495","https://openalex.org/W2392460115","https://openalex.org/W2391859761","https://openalex.org/W203335141","https://openalex.org/W2800943838","https://openalex.org/W2933135490","https://openalex.org/W4318562125","https://openalex.org/W2063605679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"IEEE":[1],"802.11":[2],"WiFi-based":[3],"waveforms,":[4],"the":[5,14,18,22,34,51,63,70,98,152,158,221,228,232,238,247],"receiver":[6],"performs":[7,87],"coarse":[8,88,122,186],"time":[9,89],"and":[10,37,90,121,185],"frequency":[11,91,124],"synchronization":[12],"using":[13,93],"first":[15],"field":[16,26,102],"of":[17,33,48,53,168],"preamble":[19,35,64,95,202],"known":[20],"as":[21,191,193],"legacy":[23,99,148],"short":[24],"training":[25,101],"(L-STF).":[27],"The":[28],"L-STF":[29],"occupies":[30],"upto":[31,39,200],"40%":[32,201],"length":[36,65,203],"takes":[38],"<inline-formula":[40],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[41],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[42],"<tex-math":[43],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$32":[44],"\\mu":[45],"\\text{s}$":[46],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[47],"airtime.":[49],"With":[50],"goal":[52],"reducing":[54],"communication":[55],"overhead,":[56],"we":[57,77,235],"propose":[58,78,138],"a":[59,79,139,166],"modified":[60,75],"waveform,":[61,76],"where":[62],"is":[66,217],"reduced":[67],"by":[68,241],"eliminating":[69],"L-STF.":[71,154],"To":[72],"decode":[73],"this":[74],"neural":[80,115],"network":[81],"(NN)-based":[82],"scheme":[83],"called":[84],"PRONTO":[85,111,145,177,198,216,242],"that":[86,143,150,176,197,215],"estimations":[92],"other":[94],"fields,":[96],"specifically":[97],"long":[100],"(L-LTF).":[103],"Our":[104,173],"contributions":[105],"are":[106],"threefold:":[107],"(i)":[108],"We":[109,137,156,195,212],"present":[110],"featuring":[112],"customized":[113],"convolutional":[114],"networks":[116],"(CNNs)":[117],"for":[118,133],"packet":[119,180],"detection":[120,181],"carrier":[123],"offset":[125],"(CFO)":[126],"estimation,":[127],"along":[128],"with":[129,147,182,189,205],"data":[130],"augmentation":[131],"steps":[132],"robust":[134],"training.":[135],"(ii)":[136],"generalized":[140],"decision":[141],"flow":[142],"makes":[144],"compatible":[146],"waveforms":[149],"include":[151],"standard":[153],"(iii)":[155],"validate":[157],"outcomes":[159],"on":[160],"an":[161],"over-the-air":[162],"WiFi":[163],"dataset":[164],"from":[165],"testbed":[167],"software":[169],"defined":[170],"radios":[171],"(SDRs).":[172],"evaluations":[174],"show":[175,214,237],"can":[178],"perform":[179],"100%":[183],"accuracy,":[184],"CFO":[187],"estimation":[188],"errors":[190],"small":[192],"3%.":[194],"demonstrate":[196],"provides":[199],"reduction":[204],"no":[206],"bit":[207],"error":[208],"rate":[209],"(BER)":[210],"degradation.":[211],"further":[213],"able":[218],"to":[219,230],"achieve":[220],"same":[222],"performance":[223],"in":[224],"new":[225],"environments":[226],"without":[227],"need":[229],"re-train":[231],"CNNs.":[233],"Finally,":[234],"experimentally":[236],"speedup":[239],"achieved":[240],"through":[243],"GPU":[244],"parallelization":[245],"over":[246],"corresponding":[248],"CPU-only":[249],"implementations.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
