{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4352977375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3255940","title":"Opportunistic Fluid Antenna Multiple Access","display_name":"Opportunistic Fluid Antenna Multiple Access","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4352977375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3255940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3255940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3255940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10168058/1/Opportunistic_Fluid_Antenna_Multiple_Access.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089309705","display_name":"Kin\u2010Fai Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Fai Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100720887","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering (SICE), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering (SICE), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383217","display_name":"Yangyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087919","display_name":"Kuang-Chi (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/002thpc56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuang-Chi Science Ltd., Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuang-Chi Science Ltd., Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863632","display_name":"Chan\u2010Byoung Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Byoung Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011048761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5479,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95334271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"7819","last_page":"7833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.8403091430664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7229908108711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6788190603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5230715870857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.49883532524108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-time-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Statistical time division multiplexing","score":0.4505668878555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"Outage probability","score":0.4337097406387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.24671265482902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23705828189849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.16067549586296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16059499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.06837978959083557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.8403091430664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7229908108711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6788190603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5230715870857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.49883532524108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173512123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5978010","display_name":"Statistical time division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4505668878555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.4337097406387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.24671265482902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23705828189849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.16067549586296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16059499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.06837978959083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3255940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3255940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10168058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10168058/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10168058/1/Opportunistic_Fluid_Antenna_Multiple_Access.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10168058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10168058/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10168058/1/Opportunistic_Fluid_Antenna_Multiple_Access.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications       (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1533899332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T015985/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2166095968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2842576049","display_name":"Fluid Antenna Systems for 6G Wireless Communications: Implementation, System Optimisation and Theoretical Analysis","funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2956197116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4440750459","display_name":"6G Mitola Radio: Cognitive Brain That Has Collective Intelligence","funder_award_id":"EP/T015985/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4352977375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4352977375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W1969492090","https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W2024445160","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2051951526","https://openalex.org/W2101015150","https://openalex.org/W2117890770","https://openalex.org/W2128569883","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2157397389","https://openalex.org/W2161872841","https://openalex.org/W2164664877","https://openalex.org/W2168587388","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2422021507","https://openalex.org/W2562947506","https://openalex.org/W2962883549","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2993809815","https://openalex.org/W2996973493","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3145258291","https://openalex.org/W3201262993","https://openalex.org/W3206176363","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4213288133","https://openalex.org/W4220978974","https://openalex.org/W4223467657","https://openalex.org/W4253276631","https://openalex.org/W4280541535","https://openalex.org/W4285070497","https://openalex.org/W4285817956","https://openalex.org/W4288388736","https://openalex.org/W4289688221","https://openalex.org/W4295934549","https://openalex.org/W4308342639","https://openalex.org/W4311222733","https://openalex.org/W4312102530","https://openalex.org/W4312255685","https://openalex.org/W4312959323","https://openalex.org/W4316661310","https://openalex.org/W4321613228","https://openalex.org/W4323896643","https://openalex.org/W4366147759","https://openalex.org/W4384917080","https://openalex.org/W4386523965","https://openalex.org/W4388666110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030636240","https://openalex.org/W431360389","https://openalex.org/W2063698109","https://openalex.org/W1580283584","https://openalex.org/W1538654733","https://openalex.org/W2166601301","https://openalex.org/W2361869782","https://openalex.org/W2101306339","https://openalex.org/W2045290981","https://openalex.org/W2044046257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"access":[1,23],"can":[2],"be":[3],"realized":[4],"by":[5],"utilizing":[6],"the":[7,28,44,65,77,88,92,102,108,123,139,150,155,161,166,174,194,197,202,205],"spatial":[8],"moments":[9],"of":[10,30,34,54,58,79,91,105,141,152,154,163,185,196,199,207,224],"deep":[11],"fades,":[12],"using":[13],"fluid":[14,20,211],"antennas.":[15],"The":[16],"interference":[17],"immunity":[18],"for":[19,61,130],"antenna":[21,212],"multiple":[22],"(FAMA),":[24],"nevertheless,":[25],"comes":[26],"with":[27,158],"requirement":[29],"a":[31,112,119,132,170,182,215],"large":[32,52],"number":[33,104,162,198,206],"ports":[35,208],"at":[36,68,127,209],"each":[37,69,128,210],"user.":[38,71],"To":[39],"alleviate":[40],"this,":[41],"we":[42,86,117,148,188],"study":[43],"synergy":[45],"between":[46],"opportunistic":[47,80,93,142,225],"scheduling":[48,81,143,226],"and":[49,63,99,168,204,230],"FAMA.":[50,83],"A":[51],"pool":[53,109,203],"users":[55,60,106,164,200],"permits":[56],"selection":[57],"favourable":[59],"FAMA":[62,94,228],"decreases":[64],"outage":[66,125],"probability":[67,126],"selected":[70],"Our":[72],"objective":[73],"is":[74,144],"to":[75,110,160,173],"characterize":[76],"benefits":[78,223],"in":[82,96,107,165,178,201,227],"In":[84,146],"particular,":[85],"derive":[87,169],"multiplexing":[89,114,135,156,175,217],"gain":[90,157],"network":[95,134],"closed":[97,179],"form":[98],"upper":[100],"bound":[101,121],"required":[103,124],"achieve":[111],"given":[113,133],"gain.":[115,218],"Also,":[116],"find":[118],"lower":[120],"on":[122,193],"user":[129],"achieving":[131],"gain,":[136,176],"from":[137],"which":[138],"advantage":[140],"illustrated.":[145],"addition,":[147],"investigate":[149],"rate":[151],"increase":[153],"respect":[159],"pool,":[167],"tight":[171],"approximation":[172],"expressed":[177],"form.":[180],"As":[181],"key":[183],"result":[184],"our":[186,232],"analysis,":[187],"obtain":[189],"an":[190],"operating":[191],"condition":[192],"product":[195],"that":[213],"ensures":[214],"high":[216],"Numerical":[219],"results":[220],"demonstrate":[221],"clear":[222],"networks,":[229],"corroborate":[231],"analytical":[233],"results.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}