{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286901708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3254526","title":"Location Information Assisted Beamforming Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Communication Systems","display_name":"Location Information Assisted Beamforming Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Communication Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286901708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3254526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3254526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3254526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048808768","display_name":"Zhe Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-9849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-9849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431222","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-0972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063946480","display_name":"Xiaojun Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-6535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-6535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075806425","display_name":"Jun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7090-8653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7090-8653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4935,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80714299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"7676","last_page":"7695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8275584578514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6943000555038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6771013140678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5566834211349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5318602919578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.44926923513412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.44113993644714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.42147788405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4169039726257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3573300838470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22845607995986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2057591676712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18766379356384277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8275584578514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6943000555038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6771013140678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5566834211349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5318602919578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.44926923513412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.44113993644714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.42147788405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4169039726257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3573300838470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22845607995986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2057591676712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18766379356384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3254526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3254526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2213787959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22ZR1465100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2884988689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2919620667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G301060647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022ZYD0120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4274870547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFA0711400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4717412138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G510744082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5922440334","display_name":"\u667a\u80fd\u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u8f85\u52a9\u7684\u65e0\u7ebfMIMO\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2587540533","https://openalex.org/W2593683299","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2745831421","https://openalex.org/W2795167939","https://openalex.org/W2797557739","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2970297297","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3008823209","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3035088654","https://openalex.org/W3035754542","https://openalex.org/W3039576648","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3081661410","https://openalex.org/W3091842477","https://openalex.org/W3092022861","https://openalex.org/W3092446067","https://openalex.org/W3094164592","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3111805200","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W3128954508","https://openalex.org/W3130437501","https://openalex.org/W3133505491","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3144465352","https://openalex.org/W3160109425","https://openalex.org/W3189447947","https://openalex.org/W3192674192","https://openalex.org/W3193247573","https://openalex.org/W3197792384","https://openalex.org/W3199053223","https://openalex.org/W3214429769","https://openalex.org/W3217184862","https://openalex.org/W4207049361","https://openalex.org/W4211084947","https://openalex.org/W4299129034","https://openalex.org/W6777514010","https://openalex.org/W6784371648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220680272","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W3084132786","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2034991012","https://openalex.org/W4286569445","https://openalex.org/W4236087151","https://openalex.org/W2761543104","https://openalex.org/W4302353319","https://openalex.org/W2047743558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"large":[1],"overhead":[2],"arising":[3],"from":[4],"conventional":[5,204],"channel":[6,43,54,65],"estimations":[7],"in":[8],"reconfigurable":[9],"intelligent":[10],"surface":[11],"(RIS)":[12],"aided":[13],"millimeter-wave":[14],"communication":[15,90],"systems,":[16],"may":[17],"offset":[18],"the":[19,24,39,42,49,53,57,73,81,85,89,102,105,110,114,137,140,144,151,160,168,172,186,191,203,216,222,227,239],"performance":[20,199],"gain":[21],"brought":[22],"by":[23,130],"RIS.":[25,115],"To":[26,116],"tackle":[27],"this":[28,118],"issue,":[29],"we":[30,47,92,121,155,184],"propose":[31],"a":[32,94,123],"location":[33,75,86],"information":[34,67],"assisted":[35],"beamforming":[36,97,224],"design":[37],"without":[38],"requirement":[40],"of":[41,84,179,190,241],"training":[44],"process.":[45],"First,":[46],"establish":[48],"geometrical":[50],"relationship":[51],"between":[52],"model":[55],"and":[56,60,109,166,188,194,211,229,247],"user":[58,74],"location,":[59],"mathematically":[61],"derive":[62],"an":[63,176],"approximate":[64],"state":[66],"(CSI)":[68],"error":[69,76,87],"bound":[70],"based":[71,225],"on":[72,88,226],"region.":[77],"Then,":[78],"for":[79,159,198],"combating":[80],"negative":[82],"impact":[83],"performance,":[91],"formulate":[93],"worst-case":[95],"robust":[96,223],"optimization":[98,127,133],"problem":[99],"to":[100,162,170,202,221,244],"optimize":[101],"beamformer":[103],"at":[104,113],"base":[106],"station":[107],"(BS)":[108],"phase-shift":[111,173,181,250],"matrix":[112,141],"solve":[117],"non-convex":[119],"problem,":[120],"develop":[122],"novel":[124],"relaxed":[125],"alternating":[126],"process":[128],"(RAOP)":[129],"utilizing":[131],"various":[132],"tools,":[134],"such":[135],"as":[136,148,150],"Lagrange":[138],"multiplier,":[139],"inversion":[142],"lemma,":[143],"semidefinite":[145],"relaxation":[146],"(SDR),":[147],"well":[149],"branch-and-bound":[152],"(BnB).":[153],"Additionally,":[154],"prove":[156],"sufficient":[157],"conditions":[158],"SDR":[161],"yield":[163],"rank-one":[164],"solutions,":[165],"modify":[167],"BnB":[169,237],"acquire":[171],"solution":[174],"under":[175],"arbitrary":[177,249],"constraint":[178],"possible":[180],"values.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"analyse":[185],"convergence":[187],"complexity":[189],"proposed":[192],"RAOP,":[193],"carry":[195],"out":[196],"simulations":[197],"evaluations.":[200],"Compared":[201,220],"non-robust":[205],"beamforming,":[206],"our":[207,234],"method":[208,235],"performs":[209],"better":[210],"shows":[212,238],"strong":[213],"robustness":[214],"against":[215],"location-error-related":[217],"CSI":[218],"uncertainty.":[219],"S-procedure":[228],"penalty":[230],"convex-concave":[231],"procedure":[232],"(CCP),":[233],"with":[236],"advantages":[240],"being":[242],"able":[243],"converge":[245],"faster":[246],"handle":[248],"argument":[251],"sets.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
