{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323914567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3252621","title":"Energy Efficient Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems Under User-Wise Asymmetric Uplink\u2013Downlink Traffic","display_name":"Energy Efficient Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems Under User-Wise Asymmetric Uplink\u2013Downlink Traffic","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323914567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3252621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3252621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3252621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021596252","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182722699","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-8741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016793245","display_name":"Fu\u2010Chun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-Chun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101025493","display_name":"Hongguang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongguang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064534354","display_name":"Xu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038784686","display_name":"Xiaogang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-5281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-5281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43752394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"7522","last_page":"7536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9449138641357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.8807902932167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8217514753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7064695358276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6348658800125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.46441715955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.45154544711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.44230642914772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4286850690841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42185020446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.41484561562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.336914598941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.29382994771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.25974348187446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.235885351896286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15265381336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1303551197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.0864122211933136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9449138641357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.8807902932167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8217514753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7064695358276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6348658800125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.46441715955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.45154544711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.44230642914772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4286850690841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42185020446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.41484561562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.336914598941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29382994771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25974348187446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.235885351896286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15265381336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1303551197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0864122211933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3252621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3252621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3009112990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YDSYS20210623091808025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3045803906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD20190929172545139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1596877211","https://openalex.org/W1855653084","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2132347401","https://openalex.org/W2147056723","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2410099853","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2754625146","https://openalex.org/W2771519234","https://openalex.org/W2887511320","https://openalex.org/W2890776330","https://openalex.org/W2963182751","https://openalex.org/W2963332680","https://openalex.org/W2988443912","https://openalex.org/W2990295216","https://openalex.org/W3083299299","https://openalex.org/W3083569984","https://openalex.org/W3084857938","https://openalex.org/W3110008909","https://openalex.org/W3119386969","https://openalex.org/W3134502172","https://openalex.org/W3164141011","https://openalex.org/W3173681330","https://openalex.org/W3205428400","https://openalex.org/W3207574794","https://openalex.org/W4205293427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207918248","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2506626932","https://openalex.org/W2037755532","https://openalex.org/W2620095399","https://openalex.org/W1488668773","https://openalex.org/W2006021297","https://openalex.org/W4288602396","https://openalex.org/W2914555611","https://openalex.org/W4285192270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,16,85,106,144,163],"beamforming":[4,52],"scheme":[5],"that":[6,32,170],"aims":[7],"to":[8,78,83,133,161,200],"support":[9],"user-wise":[10],"asymmetric":[11,69,167],"uplink-downlink":[12],"(UL-DL)":[13],"traffic":[14,60,70,169],"in":[15,81,159],"more":[17],"energy-efficient":[18],"manner":[19],"is":[20,61],"proposed":[21,179,223],"for":[22,44,54,98,122,202],"time-division":[23],"duplex":[24],"(TDD)":[25],"millimeter-wave":[26],"massive":[27,75],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[28],"(MIMO)":[29],"systems.":[30],"Assuming":[31],"proper":[33],"data":[34],"links":[35],"have":[36,213],"been":[37,214],"established":[38],"during":[39],"the":[40,51,65,74,93,110,131,152,173,203,211,219,222,230],"initial":[41],"access":[42],"stage":[43],"DL":[45,57],"or":[46,56,100,126],"UL":[47,55,99],"traffic,":[48],"we":[49,108],"consider":[50],"problem":[53],"whose":[58],"payload":[59],"much":[62],"lighter":[63],"than":[64],"other":[66],"link.":[67],"Such":[68],"allows":[71],"part":[72],"of":[73,205,210,221],"MIMO":[76],"array":[77],"be":[79,134],"deactivated":[80,135],"order":[82,160],"achieve":[84],"higher":[86],"energy":[87,224],"efficiency":[88,95],"(EE)":[89],"while":[90],"still":[91],"meeting":[92],"spectrum":[94],"(SE)":[96],"requirements":[97],"DL.":[101],"To":[102],"deal":[103],"with":[104,137,172],"such":[105],"problem,":[107],"propose":[109,143],"corresponding":[111,174,231],"phase":[112],"shifter":[113],"(PS)":[114],"deactivation":[115,176,227],"strategies":[116],"based":[117],"on":[118,151],"different":[119],"SE":[120],"constraints":[121],"individual":[123],"mobile":[124],"stations":[125],"users":[127],"independently,":[128],"which":[129,149],"select":[130],"PSs":[132,212],"accordingly":[136],"low":[138],"computational":[139],"complexity.":[140],"We":[141],"then":[142],"novel":[145],"codebook":[146,180,232],"design":[147],"method,":[148],"relies":[150],"iteratively":[153],"updated":[154],"average":[155],"main":[156,189],"beam":[157,165,185,190,206],"gain,":[158,191],"pursue":[162],"flatter":[164],"under":[166],"DL-UL":[168],"interacts":[171],"PS":[175,226],"strategy.":[177],"The":[178],"not":[181],"only":[182],"offers":[183],"flexible":[184],"width":[186],"and":[187,229],"flat":[188],"but":[192],"also":[193],"can":[194],"generate":[195],"some":[196,209],"good":[197],"candidate":[198],"codewords":[199],"account":[201],"need":[204],"refinements,":[207],"after":[208],"deactivated.":[215],"Simulation":[216],"results":[217],"demonstrated":[218],"superiority":[220],"efficient":[225],"approach":[228],"design.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
