{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320342637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3244155","title":"Joint Uplink and Downlink EMF Exposure: Performance Analysis and Design Insights","display_name":"Joint Uplink and Downlink EMF Exposure: Performance Analysis and Design Insights","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320342637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3244155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3244155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3244155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.04517","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042037949","display_name":"Lin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-4316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-4316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049632490","display_name":"Ahmed Elzanaty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elzanaty","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC &#x0026; 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-8369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC &#x0026; 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063278343","display_name":"Mustafa A. Kishk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa A. Kishk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-2783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013356277","display_name":"Luca Chiaraviglio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-2691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Chiaraviglio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome &#x201C;Tor Vergata,&#x201D;, Rome, Italy","Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-2691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome &#x201C;Tor Vergata,&#x201D;, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMSE Division, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMSE Division, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7546,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84072981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"6474","last_page":"6488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.9486442804336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7276126742362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6714251041412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.602794349193573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5874871611595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.5710827708244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.48516780138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.44140470027923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41475462913513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.30030614137649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22559618949890137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.9486442804336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7276126742362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6714251041412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.602794349193573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5874871611595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.5710827708244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48516780138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.44140470027923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41475462913513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30030614137649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22559618949890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3244155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3244155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mural.maynoothuniversity.ie:19384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401432","display_name":"Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","host_organization_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.04517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04517","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.04517","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/331923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2108/331923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/690162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/690162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.04517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04517","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.04517","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320342637.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1984357745","https://openalex.org/W1999053439","https://openalex.org/W2059676477","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2186486526","https://openalex.org/W2283635835","https://openalex.org/W2327931929","https://openalex.org/W2336650418","https://openalex.org/W2471407343","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2818212416","https://openalex.org/W2891431198","https://openalex.org/W2895537165","https://openalex.org/W2900945326","https://openalex.org/W2930212522","https://openalex.org/W2998228057","https://openalex.org/W3043810557","https://openalex.org/W3105225010","https://openalex.org/W3111232230","https://openalex.org/W3123552935","https://openalex.org/W3133324098","https://openalex.org/W3139537620","https://openalex.org/W3192029867","https://openalex.org/W3192646385","https://openalex.org/W3193778760","https://openalex.org/W3195991413","https://openalex.org/W3217732196","https://openalex.org/W4235599520","https://openalex.org/W4243840692","https://openalex.org/W4256694603","https://openalex.org/W4281627105","https://openalex.org/W4289644626","https://openalex.org/W4294219212","https://openalex.org/W4323338488","https://openalex.org/W4382371835","https://openalex.org/W6686718262","https://openalex.org/W6703448655","https://openalex.org/W6841055447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604524836","https://openalex.org/W2017282549","https://openalex.org/W2275459886","https://openalex.org/W1570517777","https://openalex.org/W1524411820","https://openalex.org/W2796103031","https://openalex.org/W3196246556","https://openalex.org/W2996028982","https://openalex.org/W2952194426","https://openalex.org/W2092793296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Installing":[0],"more":[1],"base":[2],"stations":[3],"(BSs)":[4],"into":[5],"the":[6,24,34,56,63,72,85,97,102,107,120,132,144,149,153,168,175,186,189,196,201,210,221,226],"existing":[7],"cellular":[8,26,191],"infrastructure":[9],"is":[10,36,214,230],"an":[11],"essential":[12],"way":[13],"to":[14,49,159,171,184],"provide":[15],"greater":[16],"network":[17,40,176,192],"capacity":[18],"and":[19,51,66,76,89,115,117,119,135,141,152,173],"higher":[20],"data":[21],"rates":[22],"in":[23,47,82],"5th-generation":[25],"networks":[27],"(5G).":[28],"However,":[29],"a":[30,44,157,164],"non-negligible":[31],"amount":[32],"of":[33,84,188,217,228],"population":[35],"concerned":[37],"that":[38,195],"such":[39,105,147],"densification":[41],"will":[42],"generate":[43],"notable":[45],"increase":[46],"exposure":[48,69,90,138,170,198,211],"electric":[50],"magnetic":[52],"fields":[53],"(EMF)":[54],"over":[55],"territory.":[57],"In":[58,92],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,95,162,180],"analyze":[62],"downlink,":[64],"uplink,":[65],"joint":[67],"downlink&uplink":[68],"induced":[70],"by":[71,101],"radiation":[73],"from":[74,126,156,212],"BSs":[75,213,229],"personal":[77],"user":[78],"equipment":[79],"(UE),":[80],"respectively,":[81],"terms":[83],"received":[86],"power":[87],"density":[88,151,227],"index.":[91],"our":[93],"analysis,":[94],"consider":[96],"EMF":[98,137,172,197],"restrictions":[99],"set":[100],"regulatory":[103],"authorities":[104],"as":[106,148],"minimum":[108,154],"distance":[109,155],"between":[110,166],"restricted":[111,160],"areas":[112],"(e.g.,":[113],"schools":[114],"hospitals)":[116],"BSs,":[118],"maximum":[121,222],"permitted":[122],"exposure.":[123],"Exploiting":[124],"tools":[125],"stochastic":[127],"geometry,":[128],"mathematical":[129],"expressions":[130],"for":[131],"coverage":[133,177],"probability":[134],"statistical":[136],"are":[139],"derived":[140],"validated.":[142],"Tuning":[143],"system":[145],"parameters":[146],"BS":[150,158],"areas,":[161],"show":[163],"trade-off":[165],"reducing":[167],"population\u2019s":[169],"enhancing":[174],"performance.":[178],"Then,":[179],"formulate":[181],"optimization":[182],"problems":[183],"maximize":[185],"performance":[187],"EMF-aware":[190],"while":[193],"ensuring":[194],"complies":[199],"with":[200,205],"standard":[202],"regulation":[203],"limits":[204],"high":[206],"probability.":[207],"For":[208],"instance,":[209],"two":[215],"orders":[216],"magnitude":[218],"less":[219,231],"than":[220,232],"permissible":[223],"level":[224],"when":[225],"<inline-formula":[233],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[234],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[235],"<tex-math":[236],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$20":[237],"\\text":[238],"{BSs/km}^{2}$":[239],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[240],".":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
