{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169005322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3200378","title":"Joint Channel Estimation and Mixed-ADCs Allocation for Massive MIMO via Deep Learning","display_name":"Joint Channel Estimation and Mixed-ADCs Allocation for Massive MIMO via Deep Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169005322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3200378","mag":"3169005322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3200378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3200378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021662704","display_name":"Liangyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-0277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liangyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-0277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050402661","display_name":"Feifei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064073489","display_name":"Ting Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0566"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053586699","display_name":"Shaodan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaodan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-3650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653327","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1059-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1059-3642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021662704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77054836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"1029","last_page":"1043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7920633554458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7720084190368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.680470883846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5496169924736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5445608496665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5394289493560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.49950385093688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4252825975418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4243607521057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42066794633865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38607606291770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.221603125333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2027823030948639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.16922864317893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1259506642818451}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7920633554458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7720084190368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.680470883846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5496169924736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5445608496665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5394289493560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.49950385093688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4252825975418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4243607521057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42066794633865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38607606291770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.221603125333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2027823030948639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.16922864317893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1259506642818451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3200378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3200378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1570266410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2020-00095-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5585223276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61925105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7520547647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21XD1433700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","funder_display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051654388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP160101244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114187719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560563382","https://openalex.org/W1776974347","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2134179788","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2239825991","https://openalex.org/W2526144952","https://openalex.org/W2533046718","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2564467643","https://openalex.org/W2735748257","https://openalex.org/W2757012878","https://openalex.org/W2789947301","https://openalex.org/W2886270111","https://openalex.org/W2898755346","https://openalex.org/W2899529562","https://openalex.org/W2901240584","https://openalex.org/W2913414785","https://openalex.org/W2938113616","https://openalex.org/W2947156405","https://openalex.org/W2962956060","https://openalex.org/W2963145597","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963577893","https://openalex.org/W2963783167","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2965885288","https://openalex.org/W2969964820","https://openalex.org/W2971301300","https://openalex.org/W2979840954","https://openalex.org/W2981282181","https://openalex.org/W2991708646","https://openalex.org/W2997649618","https://openalex.org/W3003689553","https://openalex.org/W3008026851","https://openalex.org/W3009850585","https://openalex.org/W3010326154","https://openalex.org/W3011593776","https://openalex.org/W3013226971","https://openalex.org/W3017297985","https://openalex.org/W3018555681","https://openalex.org/W3020027015","https://openalex.org/W3035768859","https://openalex.org/W3046404239","https://openalex.org/W3047911146","https://openalex.org/W3049310985","https://openalex.org/W3099416516","https://openalex.org/W3099569782","https://openalex.org/W3104125373","https://openalex.org/W3104166565","https://openalex.org/W3124636597","https://openalex.org/W3124913347","https://openalex.org/W3129872204","https://openalex.org/W3140676162","https://openalex.org/W3143251189","https://openalex.org/W3166129236","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6759127422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566216749","https://openalex.org/W1649252442","https://openalex.org/W1971768948","https://openalex.org/W2064441221","https://openalex.org/W1976777118","https://openalex.org/W2587157009","https://openalex.org/W4380894509","https://openalex.org/W4224872188","https://openalex.org/W4285223123","https://openalex.org/W4386970495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"multi-user":[3],"massive":[4,42,55,97],"multi-input":[5],"multi-output":[6],"(MIMO)":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,83,102,116,135],"promising":[10],"technique":[11],"for":[12,94,140],"the":[13,19,28,38,52,111,123,130,146,160,173,180,187],"next":[14],"generation":[15],"communication":[16],"systems.":[17,44],"However,":[18],"hardware":[20],"cost":[21],"and":[22,49,90,114,165],"power":[23],"consumption":[24],"grow":[25],"significantly":[26],"as":[27,122,184,186],"number":[29],"of":[30,40,54,67,127],"radio":[31],"frequency":[32],"(RF)":[33],"components":[34],"increases,":[35],"which":[36],"hampers":[37],"deployment":[39],"practical":[41],"MIMO":[43],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this":[47,78],"issue":[48],"further":[50,144],"facilitate":[51],"commercialization":[53],"MIMO,":[56],"mixed":[57],"analog-to-digital":[58],"converters":[59],"(ADCs)":[60],"architecture":[61,156],"has":[62],"been":[63],"considered,":[64],"where":[65],"parts":[66],"conventionally":[68],"assumed":[69],"full-resolution":[70],"ADCs":[71],"are":[72],"replaced":[73],"by":[74],"one-bit":[75],"ADCs.":[76],"In":[77],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,100,132,151],"first":[81],"propose":[82],"deep":[84],"learning-based":[85],"(DL)":[86],"joint":[87],"pilot":[88,103,161],"design":[89,104,134],"channel":[91,124,147,163,182],"estimation":[92,148,164],"method":[93],"mixed-ADCs":[95,141,166],"mmWave":[96],"MIMO.":[98],"Specifically,":[99],"devise":[101],"neural":[105],"network":[106,121,139],"whose":[107],"weights":[108],"directly":[109],"represent":[110],"optimized":[112],"pilots,":[113],"develop":[115],"Runge-Kutta":[117],"model-driven":[118],"densely":[119],"connected":[120],"estimator.":[125],"Instead":[126],"randomly":[128],"assigning":[129],"mixed-ADCs,":[131],"then":[133],"novel":[136],"antenna":[137],"selection":[138],"allocation":[142,167],"to":[143,157],"improve":[145],"accuracy.":[149],"Moreover,":[150],"adopt":[152],"an":[153],"autoencoder-inspired":[154],"end-to-end":[155],"jointly":[158],"optimize":[159],"design,":[162],"networks.":[168,189],"Simulation":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"that":[172],"proposed":[174],"DL-based":[175],"methods":[176],"have":[177],"advantages":[178],"over":[179],"traditional":[181],"estimators":[183],"well":[185],"state-of-the-art":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}