{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210073225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3190563","title":"On the Secrecy Design of STAR-RIS Assisted Uplink NOMA Networks","display_name":"On the Secrecy Design of STAR-RIS Assisted Uplink NOMA Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210073225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3190563","mag":"3210073225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3190563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3190563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086891304","display_name":"Zheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-3012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762325","display_name":"Jian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-6043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863392","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048817096","display_name":"Qingqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063195188","display_name":"Bingtao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-5826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingtao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037478980","display_name":"Long Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-2044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086891304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.3753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99297778,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"11207","last_page":"11221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9598000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.84624183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7898794412612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6935749053955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5463848114013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.5025687217712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4865669310092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4859565496444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.48287585377693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.47756296396255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.45799025893211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4548632502555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.43351465463638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36319220066070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.32778409123420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2899313271045685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2692745625972748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1257484257221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09955295920372009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.84624183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7898794412612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6935749053955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5463848114013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.5025687217712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4865669310092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4859565496444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.48287585377693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.47756296396255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.45799025893211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4548632502555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43351465463638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36319220066070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.32778409123420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2899313271045685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2692745625972748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1257484257221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09955295920372009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3190563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3190563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/349762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/349762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2469258434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3704700574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020A1515110084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4116538974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G421850289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4849224320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5359172050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JB210109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G636617185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W1520757484","https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W1967956032","https://openalex.org/W2014094736","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2100573451","https://openalex.org/W2105235982","https://openalex.org/W2127428366","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2166550188","https://openalex.org/W2530027684","https://openalex.org/W2566155463","https://openalex.org/W2793190854","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2953226670","https://openalex.org/W2962976125","https://openalex.org/W2964324486","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3009554119","https://openalex.org/W3009902505","https://openalex.org/W3022663626","https://openalex.org/W3026072117","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3048090405","https://openalex.org/W3082159919","https://openalex.org/W3098797675","https://openalex.org/W3108070921","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3132125391","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3142900907","https://openalex.org/W3157189821","https://openalex.org/W3159178565","https://openalex.org/W3165173280","https://openalex.org/W3166912000","https://openalex.org/W3170195692","https://openalex.org/W3174042897","https://openalex.org/W3178248825","https://openalex.org/W3194394973","https://openalex.org/W3194660132","https://openalex.org/W3198290069","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3212620775","https://openalex.org/W3214276595","https://openalex.org/W3216751135","https://openalex.org/W4210439023","https://openalex.org/W4226074164","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285283263","https://openalex.org/W4292387509","https://openalex.org/W6631064309","https://openalex.org/W6774773516","https://openalex.org/W6797117377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993671760","https://openalex.org/W2376754011","https://openalex.org/W3026778509","https://openalex.org/W2462883630","https://openalex.org/W4391308034","https://openalex.org/W4287776800","https://openalex.org/W2786811319","https://openalex.org/W4285103104","https://openalex.org/W2972651196","https://openalex.org/W4213434963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,23,30,38,45,48,55,62,67,74,80,89,109,119,124,133,141,150,155,166,174,177,185,191],"secure":[4],"transmission":[5],"in":[6],"a":[7],"simultaneously":[8],"transmitting":[9],"and":[10,58,114,159,190],"reflecting":[11],"reconfigurable":[12],"intelligent":[13],"surface":[14],"(STAR-RIS)":[15],"assisted":[16],"uplink":[17],"non-orthogonal":[18],"multiple":[19],"access":[20],"system,":[21],"where":[22],"legitimate":[24,145],"users":[25],"send":[26],"confidential":[27],"signals":[28],"to":[29,36,88,106,131,140],"base":[31],"station":[32],"by":[33],"exploiting":[34],"STAR-RIS":[35,194],"reconfigure":[37],"electromagnetic":[39],"propagation":[40],"environment":[41],"proactively.":[42],"Depending":[43],"on":[44],"availability":[46],"of":[47,61,82,144,176,187,193],"eavesdropping":[49,69,121],"channel":[50],"state":[51],"information":[52],"(CSI),":[53],"both":[54],"full":[56,68],"CSI":[57,60,70,122],"statistical":[59,120],"eavesdropper":[63],"are":[64],"considered.":[65],"For":[66],"scenario,":[71,123],"we":[72,98,148],"adopt":[73],"adaptive-rate":[75],"wiretap":[76,126],"code":[77,127],"scheme":[78,128],"with":[79],"aim":[81],"maximizing":[83],"minimum":[84],"secrecy":[85,135,168],"capacity":[86],"subject":[87,139],"successive":[90],"interference":[91],"cancellation":[92],"decoding":[93],"order":[94],"constraints.":[95],"To":[96],"proceed,":[97],"propose":[99],"an":[100,161],"alternating":[101],"hybrid":[102],"beamforming":[103,169],"(AHB)":[104],"algorithm":[105,164],"jointly":[107],"optimize":[108],"receive":[110],"beamforming,":[111],"transmit":[112],"power,":[113],"reflection/transmission":[115],"coefficients.":[116],"While":[117],"for":[118,165],"constant-rate":[125,156],"is":[129,195],"employed":[130],"minimize":[132],"maximum":[134],"outage":[136],"probability":[137],"(SOP)":[138],"quality-of-service":[142],"requirements":[143],"users.":[146],"Then,":[147],"derive":[149],"exact":[151],"SOP":[152],"expression":[153],"under":[154],"coding":[157],"strategy":[158],"develop":[160],"extended":[162],"AHB":[163],"joint":[167],"design.":[170],"Simulation":[171],"results":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"proposed":[178],"scheme.":[179],"Moreover,":[180],"some":[181],"useful":[182],"guidance":[183],"about":[184],"quantification":[186],"phase":[188],"shift/amplitude":[189],"deployment":[192],"provided.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}