{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283029880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3184000","title":"Two-Timescale Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted MIMO Transmission in Fast-Changing Channels","display_name":"Two-Timescale Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted MIMO Transmission in Fast-Changing Channels","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283029880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3184000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3184000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3184000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033319403","display_name":"Yashuai Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0936-978X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yashuai Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0936-978X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086282554","display_name":"Tiejun Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-2419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiejun Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-2419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101544825","display_name":"Wei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84996649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"10424","last_page":"10437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.8695824146270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8050334453582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7878754138946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7333250641822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6206779479980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6086907982826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.597030758857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5639002919197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4952968657016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4534667730331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4326932430267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41761448979377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.347788006067276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2881612479686737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2585866451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14851799607276917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.8695824146270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8050334453582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7878754138946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7333250641822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6206779479980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6086907982826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.597030758857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5639002919197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4952968657016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4534667730331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4326932430267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41761448979377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.347788006067276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2881612479686737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2585866451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14851799607276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3184000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3184000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497281226","https://openalex.org/W1577245107","https://openalex.org/W1639008916","https://openalex.org/W1982833777","https://openalex.org/W1987053632","https://openalex.org/W1987623159","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W1999833500","https://openalex.org/W2042645367","https://openalex.org/W2143580736","https://openalex.org/W2149863728","https://openalex.org/W2158831257","https://openalex.org/W2192929927","https://openalex.org/W2777738840","https://openalex.org/W2893303065","https://openalex.org/W2896816944","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2964263863","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2982454440","https://openalex.org/W2988121305","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2994742101","https://openalex.org/W3000537141","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3009918410","https://openalex.org/W3011149292","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3012004564","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3021564798","https://openalex.org/W3024812795","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3036490260","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3048745140","https://openalex.org/W3089263838","https://openalex.org/W3098797675","https://openalex.org/W3103026331","https://openalex.org/W3106758637","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3129256633","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3134216721","https://openalex.org/W3135604469","https://openalex.org/W3137708979","https://openalex.org/W3154292415","https://openalex.org/W3182131121","https://openalex.org/W3188283781","https://openalex.org/W3198888195","https://openalex.org/W3214203877","https://openalex.org/W4312549396","https://openalex.org/W6798773057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W4220680272","https://openalex.org/W2561058892","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W884630482","https://openalex.org/W3084132786","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2025723618","https://openalex.org/W2552025594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,166],"application":[1],"of":[2,11,24,48,151,163,182,193,201],"intelligent":[3],"reflecting":[4],"surface":[5],"(IRS)":[6],"depends":[7],"on":[8,60,76,96],"the":[9,21,43,53,65,90,104,122,143,152,157,161,176,180,183,194,199,202],"knowledge":[10],"channel":[12,25,128,164],"state":[13],"information":[14],"(CSI),":[15],"and":[16,28,64,69,159,196],"has":[17],"been":[18],"hindered":[19],"by":[20,154],"heavy":[22],"overhead":[23],"training,":[26],"estimation,":[27],"feedback":[29],"in":[30,191],"fast-changing":[31],"channels.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"presents":[35],"a":[36,100,108,137,148,171],"new":[37,109,184],"two-timescale":[38,185],"beamforming":[39,186],"approach":[40],"to":[41,120,141,188],"maximizing":[42],"average":[44],"achievable":[45],"rate":[46],"(AAR)":[47],"IRS-assisted":[49],"MIMO":[50],"systems,":[51],"where":[52],"IRS":[54,124,144,203],"is":[55,85,118,133],"configured":[56],"relatively":[57],"infrequently":[58],"based":[59,75,95],"statistical":[61],"CSI":[62,80],"(S-CSI)":[63],"base":[66],"station":[67],"precoder":[68],"power":[70,93,106],"allocation":[71,94],"are":[72],"updated":[73],"frequently":[74],"quickly":[77],"outdated":[78,97],"instantaneous":[79],"(I-CSI).":[81],"key":[83],"idea":[84],"that":[86,134],"we":[87,135],"first":[88],"reveal":[89],"optimal":[91,105],"small-timescale":[92],"I-CSI":[98],"yields":[99],"water-filling":[101],"structure.":[102],"Given":[103],"allocation,":[107],"mini-batch":[110],"sampling":[111],"(mbs)-based":[112],"particle":[113],"swarm":[114],"optimization":[115],"(PSO)":[116],"algorithm":[117,140],"developed":[119],"optimize":[121,142],"large-timescale":[123],"configuration":[125],"with":[126,198],"reduced":[127],"samples.":[129,165],"Another":[130],"important":[131],"aspect":[132],"develop":[136],"model-driven":[138,167],"PSO":[139,168],"configuration,":[145],"which":[146],"maximizes":[147],"lower":[149,173],"bound":[150,174],"AAR":[153,195],"only":[155],"using":[156],"S-CSI":[158],"eliminates":[160],"need":[162],"serves":[169],"as":[170],"dependable":[172],"for":[175],"mbs-PSO.":[177],"Simulations":[178],"corroborate":[179],"superiority":[181],"strategy":[187],"its":[189],"alternatives":[190],"terms":[192],"efficiency,":[197],"benefits":[200],"demonstrated.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
