{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133803846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3181214","title":"Integrating Over-the-Air Federated Learning and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access: What Role Can RIS Play?","display_name":"Integrating Over-the-Air Federated Learning and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access: What Role Can RIS Play?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133803846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3181214","mag":"3133803846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3181214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3181214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00435","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042930332","display_name":"Wanli Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-2685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863392","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066878475","display_name":"Zhaohui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-589X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026608908","display_name":"Hui Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-1389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042930332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97503072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"10083","last_page":"10099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7564640045166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.64969801902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5150620341300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.48681899905204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.45680397748947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4479783773422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4283674359321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.3643195927143097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24171674251556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.16556230187416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15106117725372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11648258566856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10052618384361267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7564640045166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.64969801902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5150620341300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.48681899905204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45680397748947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4479783773422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4283674359321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.3643195927143097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24171674251556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.16556230187416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15106117725372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11648258566856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10052618384361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3181214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3181214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.00435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00435","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/349739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/349739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/79466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/79466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.00435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00435","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G793605974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFE0205502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2140227342","https://openalex.org/W2145163533","https://openalex.org/W2340859457","https://openalex.org/W2678530527","https://openalex.org/W2735094220","https://openalex.org/W2769456309","https://openalex.org/W2803956200","https://openalex.org/W2861117319","https://openalex.org/W2883198415","https://openalex.org/W2907379776","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2955338161","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2967314080","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2981138228","https://openalex.org/W2994742101","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2997437197","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W2999201871","https://openalex.org/W3005112765","https://openalex.org/W3009554119","https://openalex.org/W3011454518","https://openalex.org/W3020513938","https://openalex.org/W3026072117","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3037231455","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3042544305","https://openalex.org/W3049287381","https://openalex.org/W3081215475","https://openalex.org/W3088887189","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3094058702","https://openalex.org/W3103026331","https://openalex.org/W3108590825","https://openalex.org/W3109847748","https://openalex.org/W3119680904","https://openalex.org/W3119842887","https://openalex.org/W3132252774","https://openalex.org/W3148526481","https://openalex.org/W3159178565","https://openalex.org/W3160702454","https://openalex.org/W3185776985","https://openalex.org/W3215482210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915576678","https://openalex.org/W2756132392","https://openalex.org/W3035814349","https://openalex.org/W4285101096","https://openalex.org/W4382725876","https://openalex.org/W2084892497","https://openalex.org/W2115614142","https://openalex.org/W4320477335","https://openalex.org/W1561889708","https://openalex.org/W2275184629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,31,36,52,59,67,74,78,83,87,99,104,106,123,141,148,153,165,176,189,221,233,246,255,258,262],"aim":[2],"of":[3,39,45,54,61,90,179,257],"integrating":[4],"over-the-air":[5],"federated":[6],"learning":[7],"(AirFL)":[8],"and":[9,81,93,132,143,163,210,242,260],"non-orthogonal":[10],"multiple":[11],"access":[12],"(NOMA)":[13],"into":[14,127],"an":[15,213],"on-demand":[16,240],"universal":[17],"framework,":[18],"this":[19,62,118],"paper":[20],"proposes":[21],"a":[22,111,128,133,194,201,206],"reconfigurable":[23],"intelligent":[24],"surface":[25],"(RIS)-aided":[26],"hybrid":[27,69,236],"network":[28,237],"by":[29,71,98,140,160,171,252],"leveraging":[30],"RIS":[32],"to":[33,50,65,184,199,219,268],"flexibly":[34],"adjust":[35],"decoding":[37],"order":[38],"heterogeneous":[40],"data.":[41],"A":[42],"new":[43],"metric":[44],"computation":[46,92,243],"rate":[47,70],"is":[48,64,110,157,169,197,217],"defined":[49],"measure":[51],"performance":[53,248],"AirFL":[55,273],"users.":[56,276],"Upon":[57],"this,":[58],"objective":[60],"work":[63],"maximize":[66],"achievable":[68],"jointly":[72],"optimizing":[73],"transmit":[75],"power,":[76],"controlling":[77],"receive":[79,166],"scalar,":[80],"designing":[82],"reflection":[84,190],"coefficients.":[85],"Since":[86],"concurrent":[88],"transmissions":[89],"all":[91],"communication":[94,241],"signals":[95],"are":[96,138,182,265],"aided":[97],"discrete":[100,144],"phase-shifting":[101],"elements":[102],"at":[103],"RIS,":[105,259],"formulated":[107],"problem":[108,125,130,135,151,192,224],"(P0)":[109,126,225],"challenging":[112],"mixed-integer":[113],"programming":[114],"problem.":[115],"To":[116],"tackle":[117],"intractable":[119],"issue,":[120],"we":[121],"decompose":[122],"original":[124],"non-convex":[129,223],"(P1)":[131],"combinatorial":[134],"(P2),":[136,193],"which":[137],"characterized":[139],"continuous":[142],"variables,":[145],"respectively.":[146],"For":[147,188],"transceiver":[149],"design":[150,191],"(P1),":[152],"power":[154],"allocation":[155],"subproblem":[156,168],"first":[158],"solved":[159],"difference-of-convex":[161],"programming,":[162],"then":[164],"control":[167],"addressed":[170],"successive":[172],"convex":[173],"approximation,":[174],"where":[175],"closed-form":[177],"expressions":[178],"simplified":[180],"cases":[181],"derived":[183],"obtain":[185],"deep":[186],"insights.":[187],"relaxation-then-quantization":[195],"method":[196],"adopted":[198],"find":[200],"suboptimal":[202],"solution":[203],"for":[204],"striking":[205],"trade-off":[207],"between":[208],"complexity":[209],"performance.":[211],"Afterwards,":[212],"alternating":[214],"optimization":[215],"algorithm":[216],"developed":[218],"solve":[220],"non-linear":[222],"iteratively.":[226],"Finally,":[227],"simulation":[228],"results":[229],"reveal":[230],"that":[231],"i)":[232],"proposed":[234],"RIS-aided":[235],"can":[238,249],"support":[239],"efficiently,":[244],"ii)":[245],"system":[247],"be":[250],"improved":[251],"properly":[253],"selecting":[254],"location":[256],"iii)":[261],"designed":[263],"algorithms":[264],"also":[266],"applicable":[267],"conventional":[269],"networks":[270],"with":[271],"only":[272],"or":[274],"NOMA":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}