{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112014495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3176480","title":"Generative Neural Network Channel Modeling for Millimeter-Wave UAV Communication","display_name":"Generative Neural Network Channel Modeling for Millimeter-Wave UAV Communication","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112014495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3176480","mag":"3112014495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3176480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3176480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1276150","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102785449","display_name":"William Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7411-2660"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000099903","display_name":"Sundeep Rangan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-8169"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundeep Rangan","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031845788","display_name":"Marco Mezzavilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6237-5340"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Mezzavilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078078596","display_name":"Angel Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-0494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Technologies, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Technologies, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055972962","display_name":"Giovanni Geraci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9998-1747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Geraci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Technologies, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Technologies, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079513443","display_name":"Vasilii Semkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasilii Semkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077485450","display_name":"Giuseppe Loianno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-5401"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Loianno","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102785449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95785442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"9417","last_page":"9431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7029468417167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6337817907333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5314038991928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5197820067405701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.514721691608429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4992187023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4444373846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-probability-distribution","display_name":"Conditional probability distribution","score":0.42053544521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3867410719394684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36731618642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3608059287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26305752992630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.20620638132095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13080787658691406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7029468417167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6337817907333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5314038991928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5197820067405701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.514721691608429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4992187023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4444373846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43555835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300258","display_name":"Conditional probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.42053544521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3867410719394684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36731618642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3608059287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26305752992630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.20620638132095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13080787658691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3176480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3176480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1276150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1276150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1276150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1276150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1122607870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1302336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4282221430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"694974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G509280062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-101040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6547712628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1564142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7667285873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1547332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8425666700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1824434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309290","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322121","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1490921409","https://openalex.org/W1777890474","https://openalex.org/W1988456768","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2020108896","https://openalex.org/W2031492372","https://openalex.org/W2058045633","https://openalex.org/W2086234878","https://openalex.org/W2096032932","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2099969214","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2153162102","https://openalex.org/W2159680873","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2414995726","https://openalex.org/W2467604901","https://openalex.org/W2530944180","https://openalex.org/W2541678333","https://openalex.org/W2586939272","https://openalex.org/W2605135824","https://openalex.org/W2621151963","https://openalex.org/W2645161951","https://openalex.org/W2755855823","https://openalex.org/W2760097429","https://openalex.org/W2775421175","https://openalex.org/W2785607814","https://openalex.org/W2789779539","https://openalex.org/W2798444003","https://openalex.org/W2807717652","https://openalex.org/W2884324469","https://openalex.org/W2886914155","https://openalex.org/W2888108833","https://openalex.org/W2889655092","https://openalex.org/W2895065489","https://openalex.org/W2901863010","https://openalex.org/W2903749698","https://openalex.org/W2905453740","https://openalex.org/W2914949576","https://openalex.org/W2915128873","https://openalex.org/W2921104505","https://openalex.org/W2943567354","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2962902015","https://openalex.org/W2963276168","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2963899602","https://openalex.org/W2964010262","https://openalex.org/W2964316728","https://openalex.org/W2971489162","https://openalex.org/W2981125566","https://openalex.org/W3004566174","https://openalex.org/W3005311885","https://openalex.org/W3005526854","https://openalex.org/W3036299681","https://openalex.org/W3041266518","https://openalex.org/W3047053781","https://openalex.org/W3090963371","https://openalex.org/W3102696584","https://openalex.org/W3106096591","https://openalex.org/W3106203633","https://openalex.org/W3106393427","https://openalex.org/W3124073676","https://openalex.org/W3135006098","https://openalex.org/W3156699681","https://openalex.org/W3162720533","https://openalex.org/W3171759502","https://openalex.org/W3208571192","https://openalex.org/W4210774061","https://openalex.org/W4211120851","https://openalex.org/W4230709573","https://openalex.org/W4288574671","https://openalex.org/W4295521014","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6759127422","https://openalex.org/W6761472998","https://openalex.org/W6789981794","https://openalex.org/W6795117569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394785709","https://openalex.org/W4309969736","https://openalex.org/W2770818364","https://openalex.org/W2953501176","https://openalex.org/W2965095304","https://openalex.org/W2470043383","https://openalex.org/W3034474024","https://openalex.org/W4317242571","https://openalex.org/W2293966869","https://openalex.org/W3007519100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49,95,126,151],"millimeter":[1],"wave":[2],"bands":[3],"are":[4,20],"being":[5],"increasingly":[6],"considered":[7],"for":[8,90,99],"wireless":[9],"communication":[10],"to":[11,17,129,156,179],"unmanned":[12],"aerial":[13],"vehicles":[14],"(UAVs).":[15],"Critical":[16],"this":[18,70],"undertaking":[19],"statistical":[21,159],"channel":[22],"models":[23,178],"that":[24,57,78],"describe":[25],"the":[26,60,80,92,162,174,180],"distribution":[27],"of":[28,33,86,176],"constituent":[29],"parameters":[30,175],"in":[31,115,161],"scenarios":[32],"interest.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"a":[38,45,54,73,112],"general":[39],"modeling":[40],"methodology":[41,96],"based":[42],"on":[43,147],"data-training":[44],"generative":[46,51],"neural":[47],"network.":[48],"proposed":[50,152],"model":[52],"has":[53],"two-stage":[55],"structure":[56],"first":[58],"predicts":[59],"link":[61],"state":[62,71],"(line-of-sight,":[63],"non-line-of-sight,":[64],"or":[65],"outage),":[66],"and":[67,84,88,111,138,149,164],"subsequently":[68],"feeds":[69],"into":[72],"conditional":[74],"variational":[75],"autoencoder":[76],"(VAE)":[77],"generates":[79],"path":[81],"losses,":[82],"delays,":[83],"angles":[85],"arrival":[87],"departure":[89],"all":[91],"propagation":[93],"paths.":[94],"is":[97,154],"demonstrated":[98],"<inline-formula":[100],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[101],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[102],"<tex-math":[103],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathrm":[104],"{28~GHz}$":[105],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[106],"air-to-ground":[107],"channels":[108],"between":[109],"UAVs":[110],"cellular":[113],"system":[114],"representative":[116],"urban":[117],"environments,":[118],"with":[119],"training":[120],"datasets":[121],"produced":[122],"through":[123],"ray":[124],"tracing.":[125],"demonstration":[127],"extends":[128],"both":[130],"standard":[131,168],"base":[132,144],"stations":[133,145],"(installed":[134],"at":[135],"street":[136],"level":[137],"downtilted)":[139],"as":[140,142],"well":[141],"dedicated":[143],"(mounted":[146],"rooftops":[148],"uptilted).":[150],"approach":[153],"able":[155],"capture":[157],"complex":[158],"relations":[160],"data":[163],"it":[165],"significantly":[166],"outperforms":[167],"3GPP":[169],"models,":[170],"even":[171],"after":[172],"refitting":[173],"those":[177],"data.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}