{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164477047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3165824","title":"Optimal Model Placement and Online Model Splitting for Device-Edge Co-Inference","display_name":"Optimal Model Placement and Online Model Splitting for Device-Edge Co-Inference","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164477047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3165824","mag":"3164477047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3165824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3165824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101605746","display_name":"Yan Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-1507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-1507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021492036","display_name":"Suzhi Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-690X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzhi Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-690X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004874287","display_name":"Ying\u2013Jun Angela Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-6849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Jun Angela Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-6849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101605746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97929062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"8354","last_page":"8367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7393895387649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.68921959400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6299371123313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6139729619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5986703634262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5504794716835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.5317408442497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-model","display_name":"Decision model","score":0.5314534902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5210477709770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.515235960483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4982914924621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-model","display_name":"Online model","score":0.4843388795852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-algorithm","display_name":"Online algorithm","score":0.4300330579280853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-problem","display_name":"Decision problem","score":0.4228895604610443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3863283693790436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3720265030860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3261004090309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26959502696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.21663221716880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13000738620758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11267557740211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11219793558120728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7393895387649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.68921959400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6299371123313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6139729619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5986703634262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5504794716835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.5317408442497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.5314534902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5210477709770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.515235960483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4982914924621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777851325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094102","display_name":"Online model","level":2,"score":0.4843388795852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196921405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786431","display_name":"Online algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4300330579280853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115988155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262192","display_name":"Decision problem","level":2,"score":0.4228895604610443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3863283693790436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3720265030860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3261004090309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26959502696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.21663221716880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13000738620758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11267557740211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11219793558120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3165824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3165824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2327748379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324093011030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3377332958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1803305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760799678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKL-IoTSC(UM)-2021-2023/ORPF/A03/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335657","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G696006396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020ZDZX3050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G779248438","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u65e0\u6e90\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u80fd\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335657","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Research","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008433804","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2125186487","https://openalex.org/W2141278204","https://openalex.org/W2157313704","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2297325673","https://openalex.org/W2486013602","https://openalex.org/W2605258629","https://openalex.org/W2796402180","https://openalex.org/W2860338957","https://openalex.org/W2921965200","https://openalex.org/W2949628230","https://openalex.org/W2950865323","https://openalex.org/W2955338161","https://openalex.org/W2964223234","https://openalex.org/W2965289829","https://openalex.org/W2977266194","https://openalex.org/W3017518089","https://openalex.org/W3040346066","https://openalex.org/W3043914740","https://openalex.org/W3100229168","https://openalex.org/W3102178346","https://openalex.org/W3104901375","https://openalex.org/W3105912911","https://openalex.org/W3120615301","https://openalex.org/W3134823279","https://openalex.org/W3164943027","https://openalex.org/W4236099117","https://openalex.org/W4236853429","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6760696709","https://openalex.org/W6785644172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564742953","https://openalex.org/W4213299358","https://openalex.org/W2109659895","https://openalex.org/W4385272362","https://openalex.org/W3115340459","https://openalex.org/W3211256740","https://openalex.org/W2108431359","https://openalex.org/W3042122676","https://openalex.org/W3097134967","https://openalex.org/W2392581107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Device-edge":[0],"co-inference":[1,127],"opens":[2],"up":[3],"new":[4],"possibilities":[5],"for":[6,202,220,243],"resource-constrained":[7],"wireless":[8,131],"devices":[9],"(WDs)":[10],"to":[11,39,99,120,183,207,222],"execute":[12],"deep":[13],"neural":[14],"network":[15],"(DNN)-based":[16],"applications":[17],"with":[18,248,265],"heavy":[19],"computation":[20,63],"workloads.":[21],"In":[22,68,103,181,234],"particular,":[23,235],"the":[24,27,32,36,40,45,49,53,70,79,83,90,97,108,112,122,139,168,172,177,185,212,225,244,254,258],"WD":[25,98],"executes":[26],"first":[28,156],"few":[29],"layers":[30,47],"of":[31,48,89,111,125,130,171,211,257],"DNN":[33,71,84,267],"and":[34,65,75,115,142,263],"sends":[35],"intermediate":[37],"features":[38],"edge":[41,80],"server":[42],"that":[43],"processes":[44],"remaining":[46],"DNN.":[50],"By":[51],"adapting":[52],"model":[54,72,92,113,117,140,143,159,178,187,213,226,240,261],"splitting":[55,118,144,160,188,214,264],"decision,":[56],"there":[57],"exists":[58],"a":[59,197,230,238],"tradeoff":[60],"between":[61],"local":[62],"cost":[64,124],"communication":[66],"overhead.":[67],"practice,":[69],"is":[73,136,174,218],"re-trained":[74],"updated":[76,91],"periodically":[77],"at":[78,96],"server.":[81],"Once":[82],"parameters":[85],"are":[86,146,205],"regenerated,":[87],"part":[88],"must":[93],"be":[94],"placed":[95],"facilitate":[100],"on-device":[101],"inference.":[102],"this":[104],"paper,":[105],"we":[106,194,204,236],"study":[107],"joint":[109,259],"optimization":[110],"placement":[114,141,179,227,241,262],"online":[116,158],"decisions":[119,145],"minimize":[121],"energy-and-time":[123],"device-edge":[126],"in":[128,229],"presence":[129],"channel":[132],"fading.":[133],"The":[134,216],"problem":[135,173],"challenging":[137],"because":[138],"strongly":[147],"coupled,":[148],"while":[149],"involving":[150],"two":[151],"different":[152],"time":[153,232],"scales.":[154],"We":[155],"tackle":[157],"by":[161,176],"formulating":[162],"an":[163],"optimal":[164,186,260],"stopping":[165],"problem,":[166],"where":[167],"finite":[169],"horizon":[170],"determined":[175],"decision.":[180,215],"addition":[182],"deriving":[184],"rule":[189],"based":[190],"on":[191],"backward":[192],"induction,":[193],"further":[195],"investigate":[196],"simple":[198],"one-stage":[199],"look-ahead":[200],"rule,":[201],"which":[203],"able":[206],"obtain":[208,237],"analytical":[209],"expressions":[210],"analysis":[217],"useful":[219],"us":[221],"efficiently":[223],"optimize":[224],"decision":[228],"larger":[231],"scale.":[233],"closed-form":[239],"solution":[242],"fully-connected":[245],"multilayer":[246],"perceptron":[247],"equal":[249],"neurons.":[250],"Simulation":[251],"results":[252],"validate":[253],"superior":[255],"performance":[256],"various":[266],"structures.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}