{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226318951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3163735","title":"Mutualistic Mechanism in Symbiotic Radios: When Can the Primary and Secondary Transmissions Be Mutually Beneficial?","display_name":"Mutualistic Mechanism in Symbiotic Radios: When Can the Primary and Secondary Transmissions Be Mutually Beneficial?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226318951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3163735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3163735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3163735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349108","display_name":"Qianqian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-2358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-2358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007832415","display_name":"Ying\u2010Chang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Chang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-5090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061166547","display_name":"Hong\u2010Chuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-2959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Chuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-2959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042307561","display_name":"H. Vincent Poor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Vincent Poor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3892,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96666035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"8036","last_page":"8050"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6660455465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6123535633087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.49838829040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4577428996562958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4347115755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.42676854133605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41997966170310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36271989345550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3571389317512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.35626357793807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3480294346809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32230305671691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2937055230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.19599592685699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1741039752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.15642890334129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6660455465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6123535633087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.49838829040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4577428996562958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4347115755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.42676854133605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41997966170310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36271989345550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3571389317512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.35626357793807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3480294346809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32230305671691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2937055230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.19599592685699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1741039752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.15642890334129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3163735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3163735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1418244083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1801261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2599148149","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u9891\u8c31\u91cd\u6574\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8702\u7a9d\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3738287161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1801105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4517290006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B20064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335785","funder_display_name":"Project 211"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7000009495","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5f02\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u667a\u80fd\u65e0\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61631005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7763006810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2019Z022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335785","display_name":"Project 211","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1975147464","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2056908430","https://openalex.org/W2133018785","https://openalex.org/W2144006910","https://openalex.org/W2154036212","https://openalex.org/W2160593627","https://openalex.org/W2326117469","https://openalex.org/W2512920678","https://openalex.org/W2560844389","https://openalex.org/W2566904036","https://openalex.org/W2572855315","https://openalex.org/W2592026187","https://openalex.org/W2889184287","https://openalex.org/W2914462121","https://openalex.org/W2919618976","https://openalex.org/W2921454476","https://openalex.org/W2936544238","https://openalex.org/W2946996088","https://openalex.org/W2962732150","https://openalex.org/W2963135410","https://openalex.org/W2963907541","https://openalex.org/W2974084046","https://openalex.org/W2975158636","https://openalex.org/W2990865112","https://openalex.org/W3007749181","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3012051507","https://openalex.org/W3012395922","https://openalex.org/W3014524449","https://openalex.org/W3015501413","https://openalex.org/W3036361269","https://openalex.org/W3080475059","https://openalex.org/W3086892208","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3116119915","https://openalex.org/W3131790995","https://openalex.org/W3136338365","https://openalex.org/W3139899023","https://openalex.org/W3146291710","https://openalex.org/W3152632745","https://openalex.org/W3153708218","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4247702180","https://openalex.org/W4256624651","https://openalex.org/W6768248434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166826179","https://openalex.org/W3160586848","https://openalex.org/W2353706040","https://openalex.org/W4229460007","https://openalex.org/W2105809531","https://openalex.org/W2001301152","https://openalex.org/W3188129127","https://openalex.org/W3199830430","https://openalex.org/W2338102219","https://openalex.org/W2170654976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,39],"symbiotic":[1],"radio":[2,16],"(SR),":[3],"a":[4,22],"secondary":[5,30,54,81,112,235],"transmitter":[6,24],"(STx)":[7],"transmits":[8],"messages":[9],"by":[10,122,174],"modulating":[11],"its":[12],"information":[13],"over":[14],"the":[15,29,36,46,51,58,62,70,92,98,128,135,143,148,168,175,179,185,195,200,207,221,229,232],"frequency":[17],"(RF)":[18],"signals":[19],"received":[20],"from":[21],"primary":[23,37,52,83,110,233],"(PTx),":[25],"and":[26,53,82,111,130,181,199,214,227,234],"in":[27,45,101,161,206],"return,":[28],"transmission":[31],"provides":[32],"multipath":[33],"gain":[34],"to":[35,157,167,219],"transmission.":[38],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,95,142,193],"are":[43,217],"interested":[44],"fundamental":[47],"mutualistic":[48,93,159],"mechanism":[49],"between":[50,80,231],"transmissions,":[55],"which":[56,61,163],"describes":[57],"condition":[59,149],"through":[60],"two":[63],"systems":[64],"can":[65],"benefit":[66],"each":[67],"other.":[68],"Since":[69],"symbol":[71],"period":[72],"ratio":[73],"<inline-formula":[74,116,151],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[75,117,152],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[76,118,153],"<tex-math":[77,119,154],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$K$":[78,120,155],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[79,121,156],"transmissions":[84,113,205],"is":[85,164,190],"an":[86,138],"important":[87],"system":[88],"parameter":[89],"that":[90],"affects":[91],"symbiosis,":[94],"first":[96],"derive":[97],"theoretical":[99,225],"performance":[100,198],"terms":[102],"of":[103,178,187,223],"bit":[104],"error":[105],"rate":[106],"(BER)":[107],"for":[108,114,147,203],"both":[109,204],"arbitrary":[115],"using":[123],"QPSK":[124],"modulation":[125,132],"scheme":[126,133],"at":[127,134],"PTx":[129],"BPSK":[131],"STx":[136],"as":[137],"example":[139],"setup.":[140],"Then":[141],"obtain":[144],"closed-form":[145],"expressions":[146],"on":[150],"enable":[158],"symbiosis":[160],"SR,":[162],"not":[165],"related":[166],"specific":[169],"channel":[170],"realizations":[171],"but":[172],"determined":[173],"average":[176,196],"strengths":[177],"direct":[180],"backscatter":[182],"links":[183],"when":[184],"number":[186],"receiving":[188],"antennas":[189],"large.":[191],"Meanwhile,":[192],"analyze":[194],"BER":[197],"diversity":[201],"orders":[202],"high":[208],"signal-to-noise-ratio":[209],"(SNR)":[210],"regime.":[211],"Extensive":[212],"simulations":[213],"numerical":[215],"results":[216],"provided":[218],"verify":[220],"accuracy":[222],"our":[224],"analysis":[226],"demonstrate":[228],"interrelationship":[230],"transmissions.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}