{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226110397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143121","title":"Learning Site-Specific Probing Beams for Fast mmWave Beam Alignment","display_name":"Learning Site-Specific Probing Beams for Fast mmWave Beam Alignment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226110397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3143121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073860523","display_name":"Yuqiang Heng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-9600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuqiang Heng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067676149","display_name":"Jianhua Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-2730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America, Plano, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America, Plano, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042833857","display_name":"Jeffrey G. Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-5088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey G. Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073860523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96961353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"5785","last_page":"5800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9534820318222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7268938422203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5785895586013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5224130153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4353615641593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"Beam search","score":0.4188106656074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3923611640930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33809059858322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26282984018325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19416853785514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.07344844937324524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9534820318222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7268938422203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5785895586013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5224130153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4353615641593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.4188106656074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3923611640930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33809059858322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26282984018325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19416853785514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.07344844937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3143121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W948366128","https://openalex.org/W1504983838","https://openalex.org/W1987804395","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2038821639","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2261663070","https://openalex.org/W2345176225","https://openalex.org/W2603407422","https://openalex.org/W2614851539","https://openalex.org/W2735805755","https://openalex.org/W2796047239","https://openalex.org/W2949356284","https://openalex.org/W2951145066","https://openalex.org/W2955133642","https://openalex.org/W2962944637","https://openalex.org/W2963408914","https://openalex.org/W2974576552","https://openalex.org/W2997530752","https://openalex.org/W3006424994","https://openalex.org/W3016000917","https://openalex.org/W3036327743","https://openalex.org/W3083569984","https://openalex.org/W3101675980","https://openalex.org/W3105281589","https://openalex.org/W3163731022","https://openalex.org/W3189132221","https://openalex.org/W4210242496","https://openalex.org/W4287752195","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6738884980","https://openalex.org/W6759127422","https://openalex.org/W6780541801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W2026099691","https://openalex.org/W4284672201","https://openalex.org/W2377486419","https://openalex.org/W2017956276","https://openalex.org/W2736714427","https://openalex.org/W2950156284","https://openalex.org/W3005119235","https://openalex.org/W2915045223","https://openalex.org/W2005236250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beam":[0],"alignment":[1,29,110,128],"\u2013":[2,12,136,146],"the":[3,39,45,60,64,81,92,106,121,148],"process":[4],"of":[5,71,80,91,141],"finding":[6],"an":[7],"optimal":[8,46],"directional":[9],"beam":[10,28,65,89,107,109,127,149],"pair":[11],"is":[13,55,103],"a":[14,26,33,139],"challenging":[15],"procedure":[16],"crucial":[17],"to":[18,43,57],"millimeter":[19],"wave":[20],"(mmWave)":[21],"communication":[22],"systems.":[23],"We":[24],"propose":[25],"novel":[27],"method":[30,86,123],"that":[31,75,120],"learns":[32],"site-specific":[34,72],"probing":[35,40,61,73,94],"codebook":[36,41,62,69],"and":[37,63,102,130,152],"uses":[38],"measurements":[42],"predict":[44],"narrow":[47],"beam.":[48],"An":[49],"end-to-end":[50],"neural":[51],"network":[52],"(NN)":[53],"architecture":[54],"designed":[56],"jointly":[58],"learn":[59],"predictor.":[66],"The":[67,84],"learned":[68,93],"consists":[70],"beams":[74],"can":[76,124],"capture":[77],"particular":[78],"characteristics":[79],"propagation":[82],"environment.":[83],"proposed":[85,122],"relies":[87],"on":[88],"sweeping":[90,150],"codebook,":[95],"does":[96],"not":[97],"require":[98],"additional":[99],"context":[100],"information,":[101],"compatible":[104],"with":[105],"sweeping-based":[108],"framework":[111],"in":[112,143],"5G.":[113],"Using":[114],"realistic":[115],"ray-tracing":[116],"datasets,":[117],"we":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"achieve":[125],"high":[126],"accuracy":[129],"signal-to-noise":[131],"ratio":[132],"(SNR)":[133],"while":[134],"significantly":[135],"by":[137],"roughly":[138],"factor":[140],"3":[142],"our":[144],"setting":[145],"reducing":[147],"complexity":[151],"latency.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
