{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206917769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143002","title":"Independent Pilots Versus Shared Pilots: Short Frame Structure Optimization for Heterogeneous-Traffic URLLC Networks","display_name":"Independent Pilots Versus Shared Pilots: Short Frame Structure Optimization for Heterogeneous-Traffic URLLC Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206917769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3143002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034310857","display_name":"Jie Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-7879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064534354","display_name":"Xu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071060953","display_name":"Yufei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-8117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454958","display_name":"Yujie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-7289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continental-NTU Corporate Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-7289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continental-NTU Corporate Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034778772","display_name":"Zhongxiang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-5566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606009","display_name":"Sumei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-8122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-8122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016793245","display_name":"Fu\u2010Chun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-Chun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87607562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"5755","last_page":"5769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7866484522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5868438482284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5663630962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5602810978889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5578095316886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5265465378761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5168245434761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5052877068519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5035392642021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3730700612068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36130842566490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28534841537475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.23998749256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2148335874080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16222119331359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08897215127944946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7866484522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5868438482284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5663630962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5602810978889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5578095316886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5265465378761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5168245434761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5052877068519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5035392642021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3730700612068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36130842566490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28534841537475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23998749256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2148335874080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16222119331359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08897215127944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3143002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3143002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3045803906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD20190929172545139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3154182134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5160650035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5886675110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324133009027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6154038046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324131010028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G895123711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011832","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019707189","https://openalex.org/W2028574566","https://openalex.org/W2036533317","https://openalex.org/W2093903024","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2109984336","https://openalex.org/W2120686080","https://openalex.org/W2129466728","https://openalex.org/W2149108093","https://openalex.org/W2163754837","https://openalex.org/W2165323146","https://openalex.org/W2193895645","https://openalex.org/W2613999164","https://openalex.org/W2620362738","https://openalex.org/W2756592102","https://openalex.org/W2762579166","https://openalex.org/W2776794349","https://openalex.org/W2796123563","https://openalex.org/W2796181329","https://openalex.org/W2798625559","https://openalex.org/W2878271382","https://openalex.org/W2884759317","https://openalex.org/W2887003841","https://openalex.org/W2892483155","https://openalex.org/W2900655085","https://openalex.org/W2911728646","https://openalex.org/W2912024022","https://openalex.org/W2914649645","https://openalex.org/W2915644299","https://openalex.org/W2962756362","https://openalex.org/W2963418374","https://openalex.org/W2963494103","https://openalex.org/W2963829778","https://openalex.org/W2964060933","https://openalex.org/W2971758812","https://openalex.org/W2980191379","https://openalex.org/W2998160334","https://openalex.org/W3006689851","https://openalex.org/W3011172489","https://openalex.org/W3098347096","https://openalex.org/W3101927978","https://openalex.org/W3102809470","https://openalex.org/W3103061744","https://openalex.org/W3105231658","https://openalex.org/W3130709215","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4293229790","https://openalex.org/W4361867455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1931943713","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2991224564","https://openalex.org/W3140554627","https://openalex.org/W1757854673","https://openalex.org/W4289865786","https://openalex.org/W2110670012","https://openalex.org/W2507345605","https://openalex.org/W2103028776","https://openalex.org/W2051005918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"a":[2,33,177],"multi-device":[3],"ultra-reliable":[4],"low-latency":[5],"communication":[6],"system":[7],"with":[8,29,152,160,173],"heterogeneous":[9],"traffic":[10,123,162],"and":[11,44,51,71,84,119,167,192],"finite":[12],"block":[13,100],"length":[14],"over":[15,116],"temporally-correlated":[16],"fading":[17],"channels.":[18],"In":[19],"light":[20],"of":[21,186],"the":[22,58,79,94,126,136,148,158,169,181,184],"challenging":[23],"demand":[24],"for":[25,57],"accurate":[26],"channel":[27,64],"estimation":[28],"limited":[30],"pilot":[31,52,103],"in":[32,157,183],"short":[34],"frame,":[35],"two":[36,59],"frame":[37,60,150,171],"structures,":[38,61],"which":[39],"respectively":[40],"adopt":[41],"independent":[42],"pilots":[43],"shared":[45],"pilot,":[46],"are":[47,54,130],"investigated.":[48],"Block":[49],"lengths":[50,53,101],"jointly":[55],"optimized":[56],"through":[62],"instantaneous":[63,138],"state":[65],"information":[66],"(CSI)":[67],"based":[68,74,140],"dynamic":[69,106,141,153],"optimization":[70,90,107,128,142,154,175],"statistical":[72],"CSI":[73,139],"static":[75,127,174],"optimization,":[76],"to":[77,180],"strike":[78],"tradeoffs":[80],"among":[81],"performance,":[82],"complexity":[83,114,191],"signaling":[85,193],"overhead.":[86,194],"The":[87,105],"proposed":[88],"joint":[89],"algorithms":[91,108,129],"significantly":[92],"outperform":[93],"existing":[95],"approaches":[96],"that":[97,147,168],"solely":[98],"optimize":[99],"or":[102,164],"lengths.":[104],"achieve":[109],"near-optimal":[110],"performance":[111,179],"at":[112],"dramatic":[113],"reduction":[115],"exhaustive":[117],"search,":[118],"maintain":[120],"robustness":[121],"against":[122],"heterogeneity.":[124],"Also,":[125],"conducted":[131],"offline,":[132],"while":[133],"still":[134],"outperforming":[135],"previous":[137],"approaches.":[143],"It":[144],"is":[145,155],"demonstrated":[146],"independent-pilot":[149],"structure":[151,172],"preferable":[156],"scenario":[159],"high":[161,165],"heterogeneity":[163],"mobility,":[166,188],"shared-pilot":[170],"presents":[176],"comparable":[178],"former":[182],"case":[185],"low":[187],"incurring":[189],"negligible":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
