{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220687089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3139440","title":"Waveform and Beamforming Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Power Transfer: Single-User and Multi-User Solutions","display_name":"Waveform and Beamforming Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Power Transfer: Single-User and Multi-User Solutions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220687089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3139440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3139440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3139440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078492572","display_name":"Zhenyuan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-8872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyuan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070530952","display_name":"Bruno Clerckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Clerckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362744","display_name":"Yang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-8579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078492572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95545285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"7","first_page":"5346","last_page":"5361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8886664509773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7034561634063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6548160314559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5344573259353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.5052400231361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47657036781311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4710305333137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4510287344455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44235464930534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.4268854260444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3645126521587372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.32538408041000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32305341958999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19875049591064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.11237272620201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0985899567604065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8886664509773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7034561634063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6548160314559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5344573259353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.5052400231361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47657036781311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4710305333137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4510287344455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44235464930534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.4268854260444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3645126521587372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.32538408041000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32305341958999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19875049591064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.11237272620201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0985899567604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3139440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3139440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/101340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/101340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"5361","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922569449","https://openalex.org/W1991264581","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2064036620","https://openalex.org/W2118388189","https://openalex.org/W2134376819","https://openalex.org/W2136412816","https://openalex.org/W2276797986","https://openalex.org/W2336227589","https://openalex.org/W2520361879","https://openalex.org/W2556373857","https://openalex.org/W2593319849","https://openalex.org/W2612437393","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2757224780","https://openalex.org/W2763019969","https://openalex.org/W2778517850","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2892102532","https://openalex.org/W2945593340","https://openalex.org/W2962749998","https://openalex.org/W2962877407","https://openalex.org/W2962986521","https://openalex.org/W2963061380","https://openalex.org/W2964076076","https://openalex.org/W2964155915","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2978330116","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2996961035","https://openalex.org/W3009957829","https://openalex.org/W3010812135","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3029318916","https://openalex.org/W3038534820","https://openalex.org/W3045518381","https://openalex.org/W3046480233","https://openalex.org/W3084702903","https://openalex.org/W3087691045","https://openalex.org/W3090084877","https://openalex.org/W3098656779","https://openalex.org/W3109042810","https://openalex.org/W3146827687","https://openalex.org/W3167385002","https://openalex.org/W3203083747","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6763074226","https://openalex.org/W6768561072","https://openalex.org/W6769336059","https://openalex.org/W6783419764","https://openalex.org/W6786534573","https://openalex.org/W6796008617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3049195857","https://openalex.org/W1968076428","https://openalex.org/W2184624827","https://openalex.org/W4375854938","https://openalex.org/W3001079335","https://openalex.org/W3101042380","https://openalex.org/W2052922693","https://openalex.org/W4377111707","https://openalex.org/W1560960516","https://openalex.org/W3022803423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"study":[4],"the":[5,37,46,107,129,134,153,170,183,189],"waveform":[6,58,130,176],"and":[7,22,50,59,85,95,102,126,141,177,193],"passive":[8,51,61,115,137,178],"beamforming":[9,52,62,116,179],"design":[10,131,180],"for":[11,182],"intelligent":[12],"reflecting":[13],"surface":[14],"(IRS)-aided":[15],"wireless":[16],"power":[17,48,121,162],"transfer":[18],"(WPT).":[19],"Generalized":[20],"multi-user":[21,194],"low":[23],"complexity":[24],"single-user":[25,192],"algorithms":[26],"are":[27,65,100],"demonstrated":[28],"based":[29],"on":[30,118],"alternating":[31],"optimization":[32],"(AO)":[33],"framework":[34],"to":[35,45,187],"maximize":[36],"weighted":[38],"sum":[39],"output":[40,119,150],"direct":[41],"current":[42],"(DC),":[43],"subject":[44],"transmit":[47],"constraints":[49],"modulus":[53],"constraints.":[54],"The":[55,79],"input":[56],"signal":[57],"IRS":[60,87,93,98,110],"phase":[63],"shifts":[64],"jointly":[66],"designed":[67],"as":[68],"a":[69,174],"function":[70],"of":[71,136,173,191],"users\u2019":[72],"individual":[73],"frequency-selective":[74],"channel":[75],"state":[76],"information":[77],"(CSI).":[78],"energy":[80,142,184],"harvester":[81,143,185],"nonlinearity":[82,186],"is":[83],"explored":[84],"two":[86],"deployment":[88],"schemes,":[89],"namely":[90],"frequency":[91,96,139],"selective":[92],"(FS-IRS)":[94],"flat":[97],"(FF-IRS),":[99],"modeled":[101],"analyzed.":[103],"This":[104],"paper":[105],"highlights":[106],"fact":[108],"that":[109],"can":[111],"provide":[112],"an":[113],"extra":[114],"gain":[117],"DC":[120,151,161],"over":[122,163],"conventional":[123,164],"WPT":[124,165,195],"designs":[125],"significantly":[127],"influence":[128],"by":[132],"leveraging":[133],"benefit":[135],"beamforming,":[138],"diversity":[140],"nonlinearity.":[144],"Even":[145],"though":[146],"FF-IRS":[147],"exhibits":[148],"lower":[149],"than":[152],"ideal":[154],"FS-IRS,":[155],"it":[156],"still":[157],"achieves":[158],"substantially":[159],"increased":[160],"designs.":[166],"Performance":[167],"evaluations":[168],"confirm":[169],"significant":[171],"benefits":[172],"joint":[175],"accounting":[181],"boost":[188],"performance":[190],"systems.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}