{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205328577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3130628","title":"An Irregular Tiled Array Technique for Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"An Irregular Tiled Array Technique for Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205328577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3130628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3130628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3130628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036738541","display_name":"Yankai Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yankai Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1619-7082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059817048","display_name":"Feng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-565X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-565X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101429590","display_name":"Kejin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-7102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kejin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-7102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616272","display_name":"Shiwen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-8947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-8947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609112","display_name":"Yikai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3802-1144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yikai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3802-1144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080192282","display_name":"Shi\u2010Wei Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Wei Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-9034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028500115","display_name":"Jun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-3000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036738541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.7072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98793914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"4509","last_page":"4521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7993799448013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.712449848651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.6680257320404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.6462618112564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6370980143547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.567428469657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5596402883529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49369511008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.48171669244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29738983511924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20512402057647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18943381309509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1621171534061432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7993799448013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.712449848651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.6680257320404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6462618112564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370980143547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.567428469657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5596402883529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49369511008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.48171669244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29738983511924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20512402057647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18943381309509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1621171534061432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3130628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3130628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4441083650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61721001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4547682480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BP0719011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4854806000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61631006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1979453501","https://openalex.org/W2014075533","https://openalex.org/W2025138368","https://openalex.org/W2048807693","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2097235188","https://openalex.org/W2099030964","https://openalex.org/W2104712358","https://openalex.org/W2115147171","https://openalex.org/W2122089106","https://openalex.org/W2137628444","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W2166268104","https://openalex.org/W2166840709","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2278516246","https://openalex.org/W2514394297","https://openalex.org/W2595628249","https://openalex.org/W2612303915","https://openalex.org/W2726344091","https://openalex.org/W2737250136","https://openalex.org/W2743606127","https://openalex.org/W2777236243","https://openalex.org/W2783789162","https://openalex.org/W2805231505","https://openalex.org/W2914458667","https://openalex.org/W2924585464","https://openalex.org/W2943175708","https://openalex.org/W2963869708","https://openalex.org/W2972256981","https://openalex.org/W3010857131","https://openalex.org/W3015336282","https://openalex.org/W3034305644","https://openalex.org/W3040752417","https://openalex.org/W3099757519","https://openalex.org/W3117632491","https://openalex.org/W4205328577","https://openalex.org/W6681045089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186911381","https://openalex.org/W2919203996","https://openalex.org/W2134293600","https://openalex.org/W2363346776","https://openalex.org/W240709090","https://openalex.org/W2336419757","https://openalex.org/W2614068813","https://openalex.org/W2903826065","https://openalex.org/W3013215993","https://openalex.org/W4247039252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"irregular":[1,88,171],"tiled":[2],"array":[3,19,138,155,172,186],"technique":[4],"is":[5,46,81,139,164],"proposed":[6,72,105],"for":[7,67,147,196],"the":[8,15,41,53,85,92,104,116,127,129,134,142,180,188],"application":[9],"of":[10,43,52,87,94,119,126,131,133,167,169,190],"massive":[11,96],"MIMO":[12,97],"systems,":[13,98],"where":[14],"uniformly":[16],"spaced":[17],"antenna":[18,112],"elements":[20],"are":[21,71],"irregularly":[22],"divided":[23],"into":[24],"subarrays":[25,59],"fed":[26],"by":[27,56],"only":[28],"one":[29,157,174],"radio":[30],"frequency":[31],"(RF)":[32],"chain":[33],"separately.":[34],"As":[35],"compared":[36,183],"to":[37,48,83,149,184,198],"conventional":[38,108],"beamforming":[39,65,109],"architecture,":[40],"number":[42,55,118],"RF":[44,120],"chains":[45,121],"reduced":[47],"one-half":[49],"or":[50,60],"one-quarter":[51],"original":[54],"using":[57],"domino-shaped":[58,170],"tetromino-shaped":[61],"subarrays,":[62],"respectively.":[63],"Two":[64],"architectures":[66,106,110],"such":[68],"a":[69,74],"framework":[70,93],"and":[73,111,144,187],"minimum":[75],"mean":[76],"square":[77],"error":[78],"(MMSE)":[79],"method":[80],"applied":[82],"design":[84],"layouts":[86],"arrays":[89],"efficiently.":[90],"In":[91],"single-user":[95],"numerical":[99],"simulation":[100],"results":[101],"show":[102],"that":[103],"outperform":[107],"selection":[113],"architecture":[114],"under":[115],"same":[117],"conditions.":[122],"With":[123],"saving":[124],"half":[125],"transceivers,":[128],"loss":[130,166,189],"gain":[132,168,191],"state-of-the-art":[135],"sparsely":[136],"sampled":[137],"1.9dB":[140],"in":[141,151,179],"broadside":[143,181],"2.2":[145],"dB":[146],"scanning":[148,197],"30\u00b0":[150],"comparison":[152],"with":[153],"reference":[154,185],"(i.e.,":[156,173],"transceiver":[158,175],"per":[159,176],"element).":[160],"By":[161],"contrast,":[162],"there":[163],"no":[165],"two":[177],"elements)":[178],"as":[182],"will":[192],"be":[193],"about":[194],"1.5dB":[195],"30\u00b0.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
