{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201397934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3112173","title":"Training Signal Design for Sparse Channel Estimation in Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Communication","display_name":"Training Signal Design for Sparse Channel Estimation in Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Communication","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201397934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3112173","mag":"3201397934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3112173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3112173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069641777","display_name":"Song Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-7106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-7106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102781968","display_name":"Heejung Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-2376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heejung Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020240958","display_name":"Youngchul Sung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngchul Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-6690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89002655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"2399","last_page":"2413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6991517543792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6315574645996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6050529479980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5465190410614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5028783679008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.47977691888809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4625069499015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4441308081150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.43137645721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.42479178309440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.42095476388931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35232365131378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3035838007926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25123268365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2073715627193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1252751648426056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991517543792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6315574645996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6050529479980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5465190410614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5028783679008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.47977691888809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4625069499015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4441308081150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.43137645721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.42479178309440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.42095476388931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35232365131378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3035838007926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25123268365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2073715627193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1252751648426056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3112173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3112173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2512380418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1F1A1072761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2689192881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1G1A1009021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930400786","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2088212435","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2112920116","https://openalex.org/W2132347401","https://openalex.org/W2151674920","https://openalex.org/W2156351559","https://openalex.org/W2511779597","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2798173918","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2937693915","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963005128","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2970297297","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2985466239","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3008356568","https://openalex.org/W3010695123","https://openalex.org/W3017264668","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3032095193","https://openalex.org/W3035543088","https://openalex.org/W3045912855","https://openalex.org/W3046122940","https://openalex.org/W3047581446","https://openalex.org/W3092027179","https://openalex.org/W3095095911","https://openalex.org/W3096723356","https://openalex.org/W3103991536","https://openalex.org/W3104893541","https://openalex.org/W3121978485","https://openalex.org/W3122591164","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3135509084","https://openalex.org/W3154003282","https://openalex.org/W3177738470","https://openalex.org/W4230471307","https://openalex.org/W6779828442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785107490","https://openalex.org/W3110590130","https://openalex.org/W3012344007","https://openalex.org/W4287562279","https://openalex.org/W2504274537","https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W2972536919","https://openalex.org/W2512234407","https://openalex.org/W2521006054","https://openalex.org/W2942741591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,30,36,45,51,54,77,91,108,129,132],"problem":[4,25],"of":[5,40,48,58,96,107,131],"training":[6],"signal":[7],"design":[8,85,97,110,134],"for":[9,53,136],"intelligent":[10],"reflecting":[11],"surface":[12],"(IRS)-assisted":[13],"millimeter-wave":[14],"(mmWave)":[15],"communication":[16],"under":[17,69,99],"a":[18,94,112,115],"sparse":[19,46,137],"channel":[20,41,55,139],"model":[21],"is":[22,26,64,87],"considered.":[23],"The":[24],"approached":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29,35,76,103],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[31],"lower":[32],"bound":[33],"(CRB)":[34],"mean-square":[37],"error":[38],"(MSE)":[39],"estimation.":[42,140],"By":[43],"exploiting":[44],"structure":[47],"mmWave":[49,138],"channels,":[50],"CRB":[52,92],"parameter":[56,73],"composed":[57],"path":[59,62],"gains":[60],"and":[61,71,79,121],"angles":[63],"derived":[65],"in":[66],"closed":[67],"form":[68],"Bayesian":[70],"hybrid":[72],"assumptions.":[74],"Based":[75],"derivation":[78],"analysis,":[80],"an":[81],"IRS":[82],"reflection":[83,104],"pattern":[84],"method":[86,135],"proposed":[88,109,133],"by":[89],"minimizing":[90],"as":[93],"function":[95],"variables":[98],"constant":[100],"modulus":[101],"constraint":[102],"coefficients.":[105],"Extensions":[106],"to":[111],"multi-antenna":[113],"transceiver,":[114],"uniform":[116],"planar":[117],"array":[118],"(UPA)-based":[119],"IRS,":[120],"multi-user":[122],"case":[123],"are":[124],"discussed.":[125],"Numerical":[126],"results":[127],"validate":[128],"effectiveness":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
