{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195482511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3103971","title":"Distributed Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for Data-Driven Millimeter Wave Communications in UAV Networks","display_name":"Distributed Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for Data-Driven Millimeter Wave Communications in UAV Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195482511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3103971","mag":"3195482511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3103971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3103971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349112","display_name":"Qianqian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-5475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135298","display_name":"Jensen Hughes (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/033wnbm63","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135298"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Hughes Network Systems, Germantown, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-5475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hughes Network Systems, Germantown, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055728930","display_name":"Aidin Ferdowsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-3685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135298","display_name":"Jensen Hughes (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/033wnbm63","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135298"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aidin Ferdowsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Hughes Network Systems, Germantown, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-3685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hughes Network Systems, Germantown, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024108653","display_name":"Walid Saad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-2458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061429095","display_name":"Mehdi Bennis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-0171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Bennis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-0171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100349112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135298","https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95380123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"1438","last_page":"1452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7840619087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6542493104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5532292723655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5511083006858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.5475146174430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4394092857837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.437420517206192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3736354112625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.328222393989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15730580687522888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7840619087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6542493104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5532292723655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5511083006858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.5475146174430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4394092857837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.437420517206192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3736354112625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.328222393989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15730580687522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3103971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3103971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6440988886","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1526844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8299580610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1836802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2016999686","https://openalex.org/W2199097987","https://openalex.org/W2509358755","https://openalex.org/W2594086714","https://openalex.org/W2596906058","https://openalex.org/W2886012125","https://openalex.org/W2899730059","https://openalex.org/W2903528516","https://openalex.org/W2921104505","https://openalex.org/W2936900179","https://openalex.org/W2962813271","https://openalex.org/W2963248036","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2964316728","https://openalex.org/W3004566174","https://openalex.org/W3005526854","https://openalex.org/W3009569043","https://openalex.org/W3010601625","https://openalex.org/W3019925929","https://openalex.org/W3041266518","https://openalex.org/W3041952484","https://openalex.org/W3080759112","https://openalex.org/W3090963371","https://openalex.org/W3112014495","https://openalex.org/W3129336662","https://openalex.org/W3135006098","https://openalex.org/W3189284366","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6759127422","https://openalex.org/W6773685727","https://openalex.org/W6774983565","https://openalex.org/W6781848982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W4319453655","https://openalex.org/W2089959425","https://openalex.org/W2057775761","https://openalex.org/W1608433645","https://openalex.org/W2964074194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,45,50,74,78,83,100,167,191,207,217,228],"novel":[4],"framework":[5],"is":[6,33,87,138,156],"proposed":[7,152,212],"to":[8,35,43,63,92,158,178],"perform":[9],"data-driven":[10],"air-to-ground":[11],"channel":[12,30,38,47,71,97,126],"estimation":[13,31],"for":[14,113,124],"millimeter":[15],"wave":[16],"(mmWave)":[17],"communications":[18],"in":[19,61,99,233],"an":[20,28,105,180],"unmanned":[21],"aerial":[22],"vehicle":[23],"(UAV)":[24],"wireless":[25],"network.":[26],"First,":[27],"effective":[29],"approach":[32,155,215],"developed":[34],"collect":[36],"mmWave":[37,96,240],"information,":[39],"allowing":[40,89],"each":[41,57,90,164],"UAV":[42,91,116,137,177,238],"train":[44],"stand-alone":[46,192],"model":[48,72],"via":[49],"conditional":[51],"generative":[52],"adversarial":[53],"network":[54,117,145,170],"(CGAN)":[55],"along":[56],"beamforming":[58],"direction.":[59],"Next,":[60],"order":[62],"expand":[64],"the":[65,69,95,114,121,131,143,151,159,211,223,234],"application":[66],"scenarios":[67],"of":[68,237],"trained":[70],"into":[73],"broader":[75],"spatial-temporal":[76],"domain,":[77],"cooperative":[79,125],"framework,":[80],"based":[81,141],"on":[82,142],"distributed":[84,144,153,200,213],"CGAN":[85,133,154,193,205,209,214],"architecture,":[86],"developed,":[88],"collaboratively":[93],"learn":[94],"distribution":[98],"fully-distributed":[101],"manner.":[102],"To":[103],"guarantee":[104,179],"efficient":[106,181],"learning":[107,122,134,182,222],"process,":[108],"necessary":[109],"and":[110,130,197,206,225],"sufficient":[111],"conditions":[112],"optimal":[115,132],"topology":[118],"that":[119,150],"maximizes":[120],"rate":[123,232],"modeling":[127,219],"are":[128],"derived,":[129],"solution":[135],"per":[136,176],"subsequently":[139],"characterized,":[140],"structure.":[146],"Simulation":[147],"results":[148,185],"show":[149,187],"robust":[157],"local":[160],"training":[161],"error":[162],"at":[163],"UAV.":[165],"Meanwhile,":[166],"larger":[168,229],"airborne":[169],"size":[171],"requires":[172],"more":[173],"communication":[174],"resources":[175],"rate.":[183],"The":[184],"also":[186],"that,":[188],"compared":[189],"with":[190],"without":[194],"information":[195],"sharing":[196],"two":[198],"other":[199],"schemes,":[201],"namely:":[202],"A":[203],"multi-discriminator":[204],"federated-learning":[208],"method,":[210],"yields":[216],"higher":[218],"accuracy":[220],"while":[221],"environment,":[224],"it":[226],"achieves":[227],"average":[230],"data":[231],"online":[235],"performance":[236],"downlink":[239],"communications.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}