{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188784667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3102111","title":"A Better Than Alamouti OSTBC for MIMO Backscatter Communications","display_name":"A Better Than Alamouti OSTBC for MIMO Backscatter Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188784667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3102111","mag":"3188784667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3102111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3102111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102787569","display_name":"Huixu Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huixu Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010145021","display_name":"Xie Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-7503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013101329","display_name":"Luyang Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076597960","display_name":"Chen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-5947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051587486","display_name":"Z. Jane Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-0249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Jane Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102787569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81331042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"1117","last_page":"1131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.760373592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6362414360046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.6104437112808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5653256773948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5159857869148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.48960548639297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.45231857895851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4398230016231537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.43537279963493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.43039143085479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4173048734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3651287853717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34083694219589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.2881366014480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2741795778274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19911372661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13819271326065063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.760373592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6362414360046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.6104437112808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5653256773948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5159857869148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.48960548639297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.45231857895851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4398230016231537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.43537279963493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.43039143085479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4173048734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3651287853717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34083694219589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.2881366014480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2741795778274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19911372661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13819271326065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3102111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3102111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G489848416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019KJXX-061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7630846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8373723921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497155290","https://openalex.org/W1521381332","https://openalex.org/W1857173409","https://openalex.org/W1967132672","https://openalex.org/W1971054318","https://openalex.org/W1987380770","https://openalex.org/W1989734517","https://openalex.org/W1992861400","https://openalex.org/W1995200178","https://openalex.org/W2059697633","https://openalex.org/W2060075161","https://openalex.org/W2100148120","https://openalex.org/W2103886065","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2118040894","https://openalex.org/W2142392631","https://openalex.org/W2152474174","https://openalex.org/W2252313751","https://openalex.org/W2495264776","https://openalex.org/W2560844389","https://openalex.org/W2580412078","https://openalex.org/W2609723913","https://openalex.org/W2766884882","https://openalex.org/W2788331441","https://openalex.org/W2808135824","https://openalex.org/W2900053136","https://openalex.org/W2924283886","https://openalex.org/W2946002061","https://openalex.org/W2962732150","https://openalex.org/W2963753256","https://openalex.org/W2963907541","https://openalex.org/W2970136636","https://openalex.org/W2976765088","https://openalex.org/W2980015436","https://openalex.org/W2980204633","https://openalex.org/W2985251921","https://openalex.org/W3005599048","https://openalex.org/W3005650098","https://openalex.org/W3006999899","https://openalex.org/W3012255535","https://openalex.org/W3013734254","https://openalex.org/W3034636778","https://openalex.org/W3039988969","https://openalex.org/W3098682482","https://openalex.org/W4256624651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903058006","https://openalex.org/W2102374550","https://openalex.org/W2047069332","https://openalex.org/W2352157218","https://openalex.org/W4213381250","https://openalex.org/W2806845321","https://openalex.org/W4293418541","https://openalex.org/W2393084694","https://openalex.org/W2336709242","https://openalex.org/W4318215366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Backscatter":[0],"communications":[1,29],"have":[2,47],"received":[3],"increasingly":[4],"attention":[5],"in":[6,99,159,196],"Internet":[7],"of":[8,15,27,60,93],"Things":[9],"(IoT)":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,141,191],"its":[13,32],"advantages":[14],"requiring":[16],"no":[17],"internal":[18],"battery":[19],"and":[20,98,115,138,182],"almost":[21],"zero":[22],"maintenance.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,41,94,143,166,176],"drawback":[26],"backscatter":[28,51,61,85,101,180,198],"is":[30,90,149,174],"that,":[31,150],"channel":[33],"fades":[34],"deeper":[35],"than":[36],"conventional":[37,160,172],"channel.":[38],"To":[39],"improve":[40],"performance,":[42],"multiple-input":[43],"multiple-output":[44],"(MIMO)":[45],"techniques":[46],"been":[48],"investigated":[49],"for":[50,83,112,171,179],"communications.":[52,86,199],"By":[53],"considering":[54],"duty":[55,110],"cycle,":[56],"a":[57,64,70,91,123,193],"particular":[58],"behavior":[59],"communications,":[62],"as":[63,120,122],"new":[65,88,152],"performance":[66,195],"criterion,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"<inline-formula":[71],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[73],"<tex-math":[74],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2":[75],"\\times":[76],"2$":[77],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[78],"orthogonal":[79],"space-time":[80,167,184],"block":[81],"code":[82,89,153,158,168],"MIMO":[84,100,161,197],"The":[87],"rotation":[92,105],"classical":[95],"Alamouti":[96,157],"code,":[97],"channels,":[102,162,181],"this":[103,151],"simple":[104],"will":[106],"incur":[107],"an":[108],"improved":[109],"cycle":[111],"both":[113,134],"linear":[114],"nonlinear":[116],"energy":[117],"harvester":[118],"models,":[119],"well":[121],"same,":[124],"or":[125],"even":[126],"better":[127],"symbol":[128],"error":[129],"rate":[130],"performance.":[131],"We":[132],"provide":[133],"rigorous":[135],"mathematical":[136],"proofs":[137],"numerical":[139],"simulations":[140],"show":[142],"above":[144],"results.":[145],"An":[146],"interesting":[147],"thing":[148],"does":[154],"not":[155,175],"outperform":[156],"which":[163],"indicates":[164],"that":[165],"design":[169],"criteria":[170],"channels":[173],"optimal":[177],"one":[178],"existing":[183],"codes":[185],"should":[186],"be":[187],"reconsidered":[188],"and/or":[189],"redesigned":[190],"achieve":[192],"higher":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
