{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187487518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3100985","title":"Transaction Throughput Optimization for Integrated Blockchain and MEC System in IoT","display_name":"Transaction Throughput Optimization for Integrated Blockchain and MEC System in IoT","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187487518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3100985","mag":"3187487518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3100985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3100985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024957783","display_name":"Yueqiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yueqiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031756477","display_name":"Heli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-9419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-9419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012748011","display_name":"Hong Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-2894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-2894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016192998","display_name":"Lichao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-0779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126646","display_name":"Vanke (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0329dzd04","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126646"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-0779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210126646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407749","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7871-5401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-1933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024957783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97906191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"1022","last_page":"1036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8810854554176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6974996328353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6208450198173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5594282746315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5070700645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5038973689079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.49459049105644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-processing","display_name":"Transaction processing","score":0.48532432317733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4745807647705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.45285820960998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.4395330846309662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.25323671102523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24122676253318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18370413780212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1418120265007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10214227437973022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8810854554176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6974996328353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6208450198173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5594282746315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5070700645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5038973689079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.49459049105644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.48532432317733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4745807647705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.45285820960998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.4395330846309662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.25323671102523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24122676253318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18370413780212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1418120265007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10214227437973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3100985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3100985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4341337945","display_name":"\u672a\u6765\u5f02\u6784\u4e91\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u4f18\u5316\u667a\u80fd\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792758175","https://openalex.org/W2890103652","https://openalex.org/W2891123429","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2905357302","https://openalex.org/W2912978522","https://openalex.org/W2913127416","https://openalex.org/W2913740539","https://openalex.org/W2920904484","https://openalex.org/W2921608598","https://openalex.org/W2924269424","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2962966569","https://openalex.org/W2963023955","https://openalex.org/W2964247343","https://openalex.org/W2969388461","https://openalex.org/W2971564397","https://openalex.org/W2976008907","https://openalex.org/W2983935921","https://openalex.org/W2989774069","https://openalex.org/W2990026647","https://openalex.org/W2996306964","https://openalex.org/W2997255471","https://openalex.org/W2997733687","https://openalex.org/W2998623446","https://openalex.org/W2998851828","https://openalex.org/W2999301152","https://openalex.org/W3000315811","https://openalex.org/W3002033136","https://openalex.org/W3011576217","https://openalex.org/W3011869236","https://openalex.org/W3013928723","https://openalex.org/W3014089895","https://openalex.org/W3014855992","https://openalex.org/W3034788315","https://openalex.org/W3037798974","https://openalex.org/W3039746697","https://openalex.org/W3088599578","https://openalex.org/W3089903745","https://openalex.org/W3097472721","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3100637206","https://openalex.org/W3101813280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W4361251304","https://openalex.org/W3139051647","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W3024547383","https://openalex.org/W4210813012","https://openalex.org/W3174690704","https://openalex.org/W4221092438","https://openalex.org/W4385335479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,29,33,46,50,125,139,151,183],"blockchain":[3,51,72],"and":[4,13,36,52,73,108,148,174],"mobile":[5,105],"edge":[6,15],"computing":[7,16],"(MEC),":[8],"as":[9,26],"a":[10,79,93,118],"secure,":[11],"efficient,":[12],"reliable":[14],"paradigm,":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"widely":[20],"applied":[21],"in":[22,54,128],"many":[23],"applications,":[24],"such":[25],"large-scale":[27],"Internet":[28,32],"Things":[30],"(IoT),":[31],"Vehicles":[34],"(IoV),":[35],"smart":[37],"grid.":[38],"However,":[39],"due":[40],"to":[41,82,136,178],"the":[42,48,84,91,102,137,142,181,184,191],"restricted":[43],"transaction":[44,63,85],"throughput":[45,197],"blockchain,":[47],"combination":[49],"MEC":[53,74,109],"most":[55],"existing":[56],"works":[57],"cannot":[58],"support":[59],"applications":[60],"with":[61],"frequent":[62],"requirements.":[64],"In":[65,90,141,161],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,100,115,163],"propose":[69],"an":[70,165],"integrated":[71],"(IBM)":[75],"framework":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78],"space-structured":[80],"ledger":[81],"meet":[83],"demands":[86],"for":[87,156],"IoT":[88],"applications.":[89],"framework,":[92],"collaborative":[94],"mining":[95,113,131],"process":[96],"is":[97],"designed,":[98],"where":[99],"consider":[101],"cooperation":[103],"between":[104],"devices":[106],"(MDs)":[107],"servers.":[110],"To":[111],"promote":[112],"efficiency,":[114],"further":[116,179],"develop":[117],"high-performance":[119],"consensus":[120,144],"mechanism":[121],"called":[122],"reputation-based":[123],"proof":[124],"work":[126],"(Re-PoW),":[127],"which":[129],"differentiated":[130],"targets":[132],"are":[133,153],"assigned":[134],"according":[135],"reputation":[138],"MDs.":[140],"Re-PoW":[143],"mechanism,":[145],"heterogeneous":[146],"capabilities":[147],"historical":[149],"behaviors":[150],"MDs":[152],"all":[154],"considered":[155],"accurately":[157],"evaluating":[158],"their":[159],"reputation.":[160],"addition,":[162],"present":[164],"alternating":[166],"optimization":[167],"algorithm":[168],"by":[169],"jointly":[170],"optimizing":[171],"bandwidth":[172],"allocation":[173,177],"computation":[175],"resource":[176],"enhance":[180],"performance":[182],"proposed":[185,192],"scheme.":[186],"Simulation":[187],"results":[188],"show":[189],"that":[190],"approach":[193],"can":[194],"achieve":[195],"significant":[196],"improvement.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}