{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183465216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3095174","title":"Maximizing the Geometric Mean of User-Rates to Improve Rate-Fairness: Proper vs. Improper Gaussian Signaling","display_name":"Maximizing the Geometric Mean of User-Rates to Improve Rate-Fairness: Proper vs. Improper Gaussian Signaling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183465216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3095174","mag":"3183465216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3095174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3095174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/450274/1/GM_RIS.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742422","display_name":"Hongwen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-4764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongwen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046645515","display_name":"Hoang Duong Tuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-6061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoang Duong Tuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063537942","display_name":"Eryk Dutkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eryk Dutkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042307561","display_name":"H. Vincent Poor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Vincent Poor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100742422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95057202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"295","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7429194450378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7310006618499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5963590145111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5913909673690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5442838668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5278052091598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47278285026550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4471934139728546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.41786572337150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2468121349811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22758734226226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.14749085903167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10484716296195984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7429194450378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7310006618499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5963590145111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5913909673690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5442838668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5278052091598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47278285026550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4471934139728546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.41786572337150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2468121349811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22758734226226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.14749085903167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10484716296195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3095174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3095174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:450274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3095174>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/450274/1/GM_RIS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:450274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3095174>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/450274/1/GM_RIS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1032414495","display_name":"Converged Optical and Wireless Access Networks (COALESCE)","funder_award_id":"EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1190378674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L010550/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471839284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1972339859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P034284/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2373092470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP190102501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394373749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"789028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2422336959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3009845101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J015520/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931104416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L018659/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964311364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4982716793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J016640/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5514832689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J016748/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5991684347","display_name":"New Air Interface Techniques for Future Massive Machine-Type Communications","funder_award_id":"EP/P034284/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6158505172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/D056691/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7577831327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G05178X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183465216.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183465216.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639989723","https://openalex.org/W1977777650","https://openalex.org/W2051664786","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2143927285","https://openalex.org/W2159995098","https://openalex.org/W2240505936","https://openalex.org/W2316339223","https://openalex.org/W2766421154","https://openalex.org/W2792347854","https://openalex.org/W2918594466","https://openalex.org/W2920856460","https://openalex.org/W2927975031","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2973110004","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2992456343","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W3000181458","https://openalex.org/W3000577820","https://openalex.org/W3008435545","https://openalex.org/W3010834347","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3025598106","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3038104762","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3044567815","https://openalex.org/W3085215956","https://openalex.org/W3093368304","https://openalex.org/W3100075210","https://openalex.org/W3109039904","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3121416728","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3136114665","https://openalex.org/W3140496450","https://openalex.org/W3144244478","https://openalex.org/W4211251910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2546639359","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2373631863","https://openalex.org/W2163856687","https://openalex.org/W2902175671","https://openalex.org/W2990243657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,45],"considers":[2],"a":[3,12],"reconfigurable":[4],"intelligent":[5],"surface":[6],"(RIS)-aided":[7],"network,":[8],"which":[9,81,131],"relies":[10],"on":[11,84,135],"multiple":[13,25],"antenna":[14,27],"array":[15],"aided":[16],"base":[17],"station":[18],"(BS)":[19],"and":[20,41,54,107],"an":[21,60],"RIS":[22,61],"for":[23,87,128,139],"serving":[24],"single":[26],"downlink":[28],"users.":[29],"To":[30],"provide":[31],"reliable":[32],"links":[33],"to":[34,62,112,148],"all":[35],"users":[36],"over":[37],"the":[38,44,47,55,64,69,99,108,115,118,150,153],"same":[39,42],"bandwidth":[40],"time-slot,":[43],"proposes":[46],"joint":[48,100],"design":[49,101],"of":[50,59,68,92,102,117,152],"linear":[51,104],"transmit":[52,105],"beamformers":[53,106],"programmable":[56,109],"reflecting":[57,110],"coefficients":[58,111],"maximize":[63],"geometric":[65],"mean":[66],"(GM)":[67],"users\u2019":[70,119],"rates.":[71,120],"A":[72],"new":[73],"computationally":[74],"efficient":[75],"alternating":[76,123],"descent":[77,124],"algorithm":[78,125],"is":[79,82,126,132],"developed,":[80],"based":[83,134],"closed-forms":[85],"only":[86,138],"generating":[88,140],"improved":[89,141],"feasible":[90,142],"points":[91],"this":[93],"nonconvex":[94],"problem.":[95],"We":[96],"also":[97,133],"consider":[98],"widely":[103],"further":[113],"improve":[114],"GM":[116],"Hence":[121],"another":[122],"developed":[127],"its":[129],"solution,":[130],"closed":[136],"forms":[137],"points.":[143],"Numerical":[144],"examples":[145],"are":[146],"provided":[147],"demonstrate":[149],"efficiency":[151],"proposed":[154],"approach.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
