{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178766913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3093163","title":"Decode-and-Forward Short-Packet Relaying in the Internet of Things: Timely Status Updates","display_name":"Decode-and-Forward Short-Packet Relaying in the Internet of Things: Timely Status Updates","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178766913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3093163","mag":"3178766913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3093163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3093163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Decode-and-Forward_Short-Packet_Relaying_in_the_Internet_of_Things_Timely_Status_Updates/24391951","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050215794","display_name":"Dongsheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3712-1848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3712-1848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329749","display_name":"Yuli Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6634-5349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuli Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6634-5349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089746344","display_name":"Lai Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-748X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lai Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089311212","display_name":"Bingli Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-0179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingli Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-0179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95282426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"8423","last_page":"8437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8527584671974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8425285220146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7099498510360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6709439754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.6428691744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5677891969680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4910002052783966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4254131317138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4151310920715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3850593864917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34674370288848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.25545555353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18208184838294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.1442592442035675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.14130708575248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09878236055374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09114393591880798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8527584671974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8425285220146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7099498510360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6709439754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.6428691744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5677891969680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4910002052783966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4254131317138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4151310920715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3850593864917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34674370288848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25545555353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18208184838294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.1442592442035675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.14130708575248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09878236055374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09114393591880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3093163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3093163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lincoln.ac.uk:45321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196275","display_name":"Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","host_organization_name":"University of Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24391951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Decode-and-Forward_Short-Packet_Relaying_in_the_Internet_of_Things_Timely_Status_Updates/24391951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24391951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Decode-and-Forward_Short-Packet_Relaying_in_the_Internet_of_Things_Timely_Status_Updates/24391951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G135607379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016ZX03001018-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4661874508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0113200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4964149571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB2202202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7628423813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1807802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1778513012","https://openalex.org/W1978064910","https://openalex.org/W1993918491","https://openalex.org/W2053788801","https://openalex.org/W2078191478","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2124245267","https://openalex.org/W2130883091","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2146487252","https://openalex.org/W2153639779","https://openalex.org/W2262889796","https://openalex.org/W2398409936","https://openalex.org/W2399386257","https://openalex.org/W2546677102","https://openalex.org/W2605776149","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W2702981658","https://openalex.org/W2729523886","https://openalex.org/W2901850888","https://openalex.org/W2902198570","https://openalex.org/W2903879234","https://openalex.org/W2906008346","https://openalex.org/W2915151495","https://openalex.org/W2947287611","https://openalex.org/W2963341937","https://openalex.org/W2963790008","https://openalex.org/W2996238281","https://openalex.org/W3005571452","https://openalex.org/W3005988457","https://openalex.org/W3009695899","https://openalex.org/W3009767834","https://openalex.org/W3013374752","https://openalex.org/W3015927507","https://openalex.org/W3036159367","https://openalex.org/W3037154440","https://openalex.org/W3048471356","https://openalex.org/W3080221663","https://openalex.org/W3080810850","https://openalex.org/W3081506081","https://openalex.org/W3091499726","https://openalex.org/W3094913046","https://openalex.org/W3099066511","https://openalex.org/W3103324804","https://openalex.org/W3105138911","https://openalex.org/W3110953084","https://openalex.org/W3114944817","https://openalex.org/W3120277564","https://openalex.org/W3131549899","https://openalex.org/W3136158315","https://openalex.org/W3137257456","https://openalex.org/W4205984110","https://openalex.org/W4288345666","https://openalex.org/W4304980168","https://openalex.org/W6763247090","https://openalex.org/W6786474386","https://openalex.org/W6787447513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2883318013","https://openalex.org/W1977867051","https://openalex.org/W1981368673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,37,44,70,114],"decode-and-forward":[4],"(DF)":[5],"short-packet":[6],"relaying":[7,101],"model":[8],"is":[9,73,92],"developed":[10],"to":[11,36,121,145],"achieve":[12],"timely":[13],"status":[14,27,60,87],"updates":[15,28],"for":[16,96,179,186],"intelligent":[17],"monitoring":[18,182],"within":[19],"the":[20,26,41,56,64,76,80,83,109,118,123,130,137,147,155,160,168,180,187,192,196],"Internet":[21],"of":[22,43,59,66,82,117,125,149,170],"Things":[23],"(IoT),":[24],"where":[25],"generated":[29],"at":[30,191],"an":[31,142],"IoT":[32,102,181,193],"device":[33,194],"are":[34],"delivered":[35],"remote":[38],"server":[39],"with":[40,129],"aid":[42],"relay":[45],"in":[46,104,133],"both":[47,97],"half-duplex":[48],"(HD)":[49],"and":[50,94,99,159,195],"full-duplex":[51],"(FD)":[52],"modes.":[53],"To":[54],"characterise":[55],"data":[57],"freshness":[58],"updates,":[61],"we":[62,112,140],"exploit":[63],"age":[65],"information":[67],"(AoI)":[68],"as":[69,75],"metric,":[71],"which":[72],"defined":[74],"time":[77],"elapsed":[78],"since":[79],"generation":[81],"latest":[84],"successfully":[85],"decoded":[86],"update.":[88],"The":[89],"average":[90,119,126,150],"AoI":[91,120,127,151],"formulated":[93],"minimised":[95],"HD-DF":[98,110],"FD-DF":[100,138],"networks":[103],"finite":[105],"blocklength":[106],"regime.":[107],"For":[108,136],"relaying,":[111,139],"introduce":[113],"perfect":[115],"approximation":[116],"solve":[122,146],"problem":[124,148],"minimisation":[128,152],"optimal":[131],"blocklengths":[132],"two":[134],"phases.":[135],"propose":[141],"iterative":[143],"algorithm":[144],"by":[153],"optimising":[154],"relay\u2019s":[156],"transmit":[157,188],"power":[158,189],"blocklength.":[161],"Illustrative":[162],"numerical":[163],"results":[164],"not":[165],"only":[166],"substantiate":[167],"validity":[169],"our":[171],"proposed":[172],"algorithms,":[173],"but":[174],"also":[175],"provide":[176],"useful":[177],"references":[178],"network":[183],"design,":[184],"specifically":[185],"thresholds":[190],"relay.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}