{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996777098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3069378","title":"A Design Framework for All-Digital mmWave Massive MIMO With per-Antenna Nonlinearities","display_name":"A Design Framework for All-Digital mmWave Massive MIMO With per-Antenna Nonlinearities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996777098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3069378","mag":"2996777098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3069378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3069378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.11643","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102705807","display_name":"Mohammed Abdelghany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-7753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Abdelghany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","University of California Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008814890","display_name":"Ali A. Farid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-1015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali A. Farid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","University of California Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maryam Eslami Rasekh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-7973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Eslami Rasekh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","University of California Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089061562","display_name":"Upamanyu Madhow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-4138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Upamanyu Madhow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","University of California Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103254043","display_name":"M.J.W. Rodwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-1616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark J. W. Rodwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102705807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39462685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"9","first_page":"5689","last_page":"5701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.7542928457260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6372131109237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6160246729850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.611504077911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5951594114303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5639961957931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5396547317504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.4583004117012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.4297560751438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4152567982673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27873894572257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24411320686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19598525762557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.1859024465084076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14139890670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.07754242420196533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.7542928457260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6372131109237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6160246729850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.611504077911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5951594114303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5639961957931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5396547317504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.4583004117012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.4297560751438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4152567982673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27873894572257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24411320686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19598525762557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.1859024465084076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14139890670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.07754242420196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3069378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3069378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.11643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.11643","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.11643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2996777098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1912.11643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.11643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.11643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.11643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.11643","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.11643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2236554988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-18-3-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7126320269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1725797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8515240574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-JU-2778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W624827785","https://openalex.org/W745867715","https://openalex.org/W1521591241","https://openalex.org/W1634005169","https://openalex.org/W1978538058","https://openalex.org/W2030069112","https://openalex.org/W2057605239","https://openalex.org/W2060821616","https://openalex.org/W2088717366","https://openalex.org/W2105726629","https://openalex.org/W2108672684","https://openalex.org/W2109808436","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2119434630","https://openalex.org/W2126508692","https://openalex.org/W2138752820","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2142238976","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2160709449","https://openalex.org/W2189415357","https://openalex.org/W2259323981","https://openalex.org/W2262641688","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2274517597","https://openalex.org/W2340429540","https://openalex.org/W2493390539","https://openalex.org/W2554533970","https://openalex.org/W2587991392","https://openalex.org/W2613992362","https://openalex.org/W2887540436","https://openalex.org/W2896569052","https://openalex.org/W2902245954","https://openalex.org/W2912240042","https://openalex.org/W2913414785","https://openalex.org/W2918361285","https://openalex.org/W2950118198","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963511957","https://openalex.org/W2970038057","https://openalex.org/W2985849463","https://openalex.org/W3010435805","https://openalex.org/W3037451841","https://openalex.org/W3047444498","https://openalex.org/W3100399470","https://openalex.org/W3116764287","https://openalex.org/W4229957319","https://openalex.org/W6631398929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092282640","https://openalex.org/W2767607272","https://openalex.org/W3099720307","https://openalex.org/W3145684762","https://openalex.org/W3158188556","https://openalex.org/W2885421738","https://openalex.org/W2765403535","https://openalex.org/W2562695795","https://openalex.org/W3013432632","https://openalex.org/W3084075338","https://openalex.org/W2941874153","https://openalex.org/W2884893380","https://openalex.org/W2045840914","https://openalex.org/W2908012007","https://openalex.org/W2760753234","https://openalex.org/W2752707848","https://openalex.org/W3010799391","https://openalex.org/W2885004448","https://openalex.org/W2954069431","https://openalex.org/W2989973328"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"MIMO":[2,110],"combines":[3],"the":[4,25,55,76,124,135],"benefits":[5],"of":[6,14,27,32,42,57,80,123,126,173,180],"compact":[7],"antenna":[8],"arrays":[9],"with":[10,35,176],"a":[11,29,61,108,130,170,177],"large":[12,30],"number":[13,31],"elements":[15],"and":[16,63,87,95,112],"massive":[17],"bandwidths,":[18],"so":[19],"that":[20,132,151],"fully":[21],"digital":[22],"beamforming":[23],"has":[24],"potential":[26],"supporting":[28],"simultaneous":[33],"users":[34],"<italic":[36],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[37],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">per":[38],"user</i>":[39],"data":[40,178],"rates":[41],"multiple":[43],"gigabits/sec":[44],"(Gbps).":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,133,160],"develop":[50],"an":[51,144],"analytical":[52],"model":[53],"for":[54,107],"impact":[56,125],"nonlinearities":[58,88,128,148],"in":[59,67,89,143,152],"such":[60],"system,":[62],"illustrate":[64],"its":[65],"utility":[66],"providing":[68],"hardware":[69],"design":[70],"guidelines":[71],"regarding":[72],"two":[73,118],"key":[74,119],"challenges:":[75],"low":[77],"available":[78],"precision":[79],"analog-to-digital":[81],"conversion":[82],"at":[83,169],"high":[84],"sampling":[85],"rates,":[86],"ultra-high":[90],"speed":[91],"radio":[92],"frequency":[93,172],"(RF)":[94],"baseband":[96],"circuits.":[97],"We":[98],"consider":[99],"linear":[100,140],"minimum":[101],"mean":[102],"square":[103],"error":[104],"(LMMSE)":[105],"reception":[106],"multiuser":[109],"uplink,":[111],"provide":[113],"performance":[114,142],"guarantees":[115],"based":[116],"on":[117],"concepts:":[120],"(a)":[121],"summarization":[122],"per-antenna":[127],"via":[129],"quantity":[131],"term":[134],"\u201cintrinsic":[136],"SNR\u201d,":[137],"(b)":[138],"using":[139],"MMSE":[141],"ideal":[145],"system":[146],"without":[147],"to":[149,165],"bound":[150],"our":[153,157],"non-ideal":[154],"system.":[155],"For":[156],"numerical":[158],"results,":[159],"employ":[161],"nominal":[162],"parameters":[163],"corresponding":[164],"outdoor":[166],"picocells":[167],"operating":[168],"carrier":[171],"140":[174],"GHz,":[175],"rate":[179],"10":[181],"Gbps":[182],"per":[183],"user.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}