{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3143314198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3067376","title":"Space-Time Coded Generalized Spatial Modulation for Sparse Code Division Multiple Access","display_name":"Space-Time Coded Generalized Spatial Modulation for Sparse Code Division Multiple Access","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3143314198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3067376","mag":"3143314198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3067376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3067376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103104102","display_name":"Yusha Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9653-8208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yusha Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025690716","display_name":"Luping Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luping Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329747","display_name":"Lie\u2010Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lie-Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103104102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7961645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"5359","last_page":"5372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7232159376144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6235799193382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.6090862154960632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.532392144203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.4854293763637543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.45818817615509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4468536972999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4223024547100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.413303941488266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40090715885162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35541343688964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2883304953575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.22063472867012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.17455905675888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12527409195899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09510087966918945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7232159376144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6235799193382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.6090862154960632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.532392144203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.4854293763637543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.45818817615509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4468536972999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4223024547100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.413303941488266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40090715885162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35541343688964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2883304953575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.22063472867012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.17455905675888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12527409195899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09510087966918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3067376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3067376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:447881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3067376>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1190378674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L010550/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471839284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394373749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"789028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2422336959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3009845101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J015520/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3583385501","display_name":"Cooperative backhaul aided next-generation digital subscriber loops","funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931104416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L018659/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964311364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4982716793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J016640/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5514832689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J016748/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6158505172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/D056691/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6696884293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/PO34284/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7577831327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G05178X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1535687191","https://openalex.org/W1901462474","https://openalex.org/W1977332235","https://openalex.org/W2009814580","https://openalex.org/W2026653933","https://openalex.org/W2026933032","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2038619638","https://openalex.org/W2042519026","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2075505133","https://openalex.org/W2082029531","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2124894634","https://openalex.org/W2134188541","https://openalex.org/W2147930274","https://openalex.org/W2157506678","https://openalex.org/W2274098040","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2515756451","https://openalex.org/W2526778046","https://openalex.org/W2582220099","https://openalex.org/W2612925768","https://openalex.org/W2763354926","https://openalex.org/W2769100912","https://openalex.org/W2769456309","https://openalex.org/W2775202597","https://openalex.org/W2809073223","https://openalex.org/W2887019724","https://openalex.org/W2887924147","https://openalex.org/W2890592307","https://openalex.org/W2914737894","https://openalex.org/W2944718815","https://openalex.org/W2962886963","https://openalex.org/W2963409175","https://openalex.org/W2963896360","https://openalex.org/W2964529439","https://openalex.org/W2980482818","https://openalex.org/W2985210419","https://openalex.org/W3008218996","https://openalex.org/W3040349383","https://openalex.org/W3042313599","https://openalex.org/W3046196990","https://openalex.org/W3049570386","https://openalex.org/W3061744087","https://openalex.org/W3089248281","https://openalex.org/W4247112229","https://openalex.org/W6771675246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823457431","https://openalex.org/W2553656238","https://openalex.org/W4238732447","https://openalex.org/W2155503889","https://openalex.org/W4243960761","https://openalex.org/W2186577153","https://openalex.org/W4224125014","https://openalex.org/W2015966446","https://openalex.org/W2786596595","https://openalex.org/W2165713722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Space-time":[0],"coded":[1],"generalized":[2],"spatial":[3,23],"modulation-aided":[4],"sparse":[5,60],"code":[6],"division":[7],"multiple":[8,44],"access":[9,45],"(STC/GSM-SCDMA)":[10],"is":[11,77,130,148,177],"proposed,":[12],"which":[13,176],"exploits":[14],"the":[15,22,26,36,56,59,80,83,144,156,183],"two-dimensional":[16],"transmit":[17],"diversity":[18,54],"potential":[19],"of":[20,25,39,63,82,86,93,127,134,150,155,169],"both":[21],"and":[24,104],"frequency":[27],"domain.":[28],"Hence,":[29],"it":[30],"constitutes":[31],"a":[32,91,97,105,116,165],"promising":[33],"solution":[34],"for":[35,120],"pervasive":[37],"connectivity":[38],"devices":[40],"in":[41,55,66,132],"next-generation":[42],"nonorthogonal":[43],"(NOMA)":[46],"systems.":[47],"More":[48],"explicitly,":[49],"our":[50,87,121],"STC/GSM":[51],"scheme":[52],"achieves":[53],"spatial-domain,":[57],"while":[58,163],"signal-spreading":[61],"action":[62],"SCDMA":[64],"results":[65,141],"frequency-domain":[67],"(FD)":[68],"diversity.":[69],"A":[70],"single-user":[71],"bit":[72],"error":[73],"rate":[74],"(BER)":[75],"bound":[76],"derived":[78],"as":[79],"benchmark":[81],"BER":[84,136],"performance":[85,126],"STC/GSM-SCDMA":[88,123],"system.":[89,124],"Furthermore,":[90],"pair":[92],"novel":[94],"detectors,":[95],"namely":[96],"bespoke":[98],"message":[99,108],"passing":[100,109],"aided":[101],"(MPA)":[102],"detector":[103,111,147],"tailor-made":[106],"approximate":[107],"(AMP)":[110],"are":[112],"conceived":[113],"by":[114],"designing":[115],"new":[117],"factor":[118],"graphs":[119],"proposed":[122,145],"The":[125],"these":[128],"detectors":[129],"characterized":[131],"terms":[133],"their":[135],"vs.":[137],"complexity.":[138],"Our":[139],"simulation":[140],"show":[142],"that":[143],"AMP":[146],"capable":[149],"operating":[151],"within":[152],"2":[153],"dB":[154],"MPA":[157,184],"detector's":[158],"signal-to-noise":[159],"ratio":[160],"(SNR)":[161],"requirement,":[162],"supporting":[164],"normalized":[166],"user":[167],"load":[168],"150%,":[170],"despite":[171],"its":[172],"appealing":[173],"low":[174],"complexity,":[175],"about":[178],"1000":[179],"times":[180],"lower":[181],"than":[182],"detector.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}