{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137453233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3066333","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enabled Random Rotations Scheme for the MISO Broadcast Channel","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enabled Random Rotations Scheme for the MISO Broadcast Channel","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137453233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3066333","mag":"3137453233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3066333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3066333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043864610","display_name":"Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-3482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050480768","display_name":"Alessio Zappone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-939X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Zappone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044765621","display_name":"Anas Chaaban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas Chaaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043864610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9299006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"5226","last_page":"5242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8584131002426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.7497578859329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6326470375061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6292260885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6222143173217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5195820331573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.454801082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.44976550340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4412464499473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.4343827962875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.41038423776626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40438684821128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3690188229084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3372986316680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2941969931125641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.2461225688457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.09335413575172424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8584131002426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.7497578859329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6326470375061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6292260885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6222143173217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5195820331573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.454801082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.44976550340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4412464499473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.4343827962875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.41038423776626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40438684821128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3690188229084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3372986316680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2941969931125641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.2461225688457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.09335413575172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3066333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3066333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/668206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/668206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3326829202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OSR-2018-CRG7-3734","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","funder_display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590480603","https://openalex.org/W1974891392","https://openalex.org/W1976109068","https://openalex.org/W2010143023","https://openalex.org/W2012256574","https://openalex.org/W2035750833","https://openalex.org/W2083962008","https://openalex.org/W2101493165","https://openalex.org/W2115407331","https://openalex.org/W2120302973","https://openalex.org/W2151795416","https://openalex.org/W2161872841","https://openalex.org/W2164497732","https://openalex.org/W2597551278","https://openalex.org/W2767613687","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2937693915","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2975790550","https://openalex.org/W2990567315","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3010695123","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3021564798","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3046122940","https://openalex.org/W3080197985","https://openalex.org/W3084900843","https://openalex.org/W3088767314","https://openalex.org/W3093874970","https://openalex.org/W3098752517","https://openalex.org/W3100075210","https://openalex.org/W3134399128","https://openalex.org/W3138384399","https://openalex.org/W4239651601","https://openalex.org/W4287662930","https://openalex.org/W4287990878","https://openalex.org/W4300840296","https://openalex.org/W6770844909","https://openalex.org/W6772240104","https://openalex.org/W6783061921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W4220680272","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W2544668827","https://openalex.org/W3090699061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,128],"current":[1],"literature":[2],"on":[3,9],"intelligent":[4],"reflecting":[5,51],"surface":[6],"(IRS)":[7],"focuses":[8],"optimizing":[10],"the":[11,21,41,46,50,69,74,79,88,93,100,115,126,133,142,158,171,178,183],"IRS":[12,47,163],"phase":[13,56],"shifts":[14],"to":[15,77,144,148,181,189],"yield":[16],"coherent":[17,192],"beamforming":[18,80,118,122,193],"gains,":[19],"under":[20,191],"assumption":[22],"of":[23,29,73,96,157,160,198],"perfect":[24],"channel":[25,76],"state":[26],"information":[27],"(CSI)":[28],"individual":[30],"IRS-assisted":[31,101],"links,":[32],"which":[33,49],"is":[34,67],"highly":[35],"impractical.":[36],"This":[37],"work,":[38],"instead,":[39],"considers":[40],"random":[42,55,117,129],"rotations":[43,57,130],"scheme":[44,113,131,180],"at":[45,68,125],"in":[48,92,155],"elements":[52,164],"only":[53,63],"employ":[54],"without":[58],"requiring":[59],"any":[60],"CSI.":[61],"CSI":[64],"then":[65],"needed":[66],"base":[70],"station":[71],"(BS)":[72],"overall":[75],"implement":[78],"transmission":[81],"scheme.":[82],"Under":[83],"this":[84],"framework,":[85],"we":[86],"derive":[87],"sum-rate":[89,134],"scaling":[90,173],"laws":[91],"large":[94,196],"number":[95,159,197],"users":[97],"regime":[98],"for":[99,194],"multiple-input":[102],"single-output":[103],"(MISO)":[104],"broadcast":[105],"channel,":[106],"with":[107,185],"optimal":[108],"dirty":[109],"paper":[110],"coding":[111],"(DPC)":[112],"and":[114,120,165],"lower-complexity":[116],"(RBF)":[119],"deterministic":[121],"(DBF)":[123],"schemes":[124],"BS.":[127],"increases":[132],"by":[135],"exploiting":[136],"multi-user":[137],"diversity,":[138],"but":[139],"also":[140],"compromises":[141],"gain":[143],"some":[145],"extent":[146],"due":[147],"correlation.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"energy":[151],"efficiency":[152],"maximization":[153],"problems":[154],"terms":[156],"BS":[161],"antennas,":[162],"transmit":[166],"power":[167],"are":[168],"solved":[169],"using":[170],"derived":[172],"laws.":[174],"Simulation":[175],"results":[176],"show":[177],"proposed":[179],"improve":[182],"sum-rate,":[184],"performance":[186],"becoming":[187],"close":[188],"that":[190],"a":[195],"users.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
