{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081766336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3059945","title":"Double-IRS Assisted Multi-User MIMO: Cooperative Passive Beamforming Design","display_name":"Double-IRS Assisted Multi-User MIMO: Cooperative Passive Beamforming Design","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081766336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3059945","mag":"3081766336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3059945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3059945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13701","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076085397","display_name":"Beixiong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beixiong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010397043","display_name":"Changsheng You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-9361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422102","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-8393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076085397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.4239,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":337,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99872813,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":"4513","last_page":"4526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.9100198745727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7603238821029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6328699588775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.568727433681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5310505032539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4871982932090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4628215730190277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.46125590801239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3645561933517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3425494432449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32003799080848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1235710084438324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.9100198745727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7603238821029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6328699588775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.568727433681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5310505032539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4871982932090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4628215730190277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.46125590801239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3645561933517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3425494432449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32003799080848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1235710084438324}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3059945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3059945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.13701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.13701","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13701","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.13701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.13701","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13701","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6177241327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R-261-518-005-720","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","funder_display_name":"National University of Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2794344156","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2982560410","https://openalex.org/W2990567315","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3002205212","https://openalex.org/W3002384078","https://openalex.org/W3008356568","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3015518827","https://openalex.org/W3015594231","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3021724149","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3036604634","https://openalex.org/W3037231455","https://openalex.org/W3042544305","https://openalex.org/W3044902721","https://openalex.org/W3047239226","https://openalex.org/W3047550466","https://openalex.org/W3081661410","https://openalex.org/W3083335561","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W3093874970","https://openalex.org/W3096401097","https://openalex.org/W3096723356","https://openalex.org/W3098752517","https://openalex.org/W3100218246","https://openalex.org/W3103991536","https://openalex.org/W3104071687","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3134571296","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3190774574","https://openalex.org/W6770844909","https://openalex.org/W6776870536","https://openalex.org/W6783707074","https://openalex.org/W6784350745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2561058892","https://openalex.org/W1596602858","https://openalex.org/W1496856639","https://openalex.org/W2528414118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"an":[7],"enabling":[8],"technology":[9],"to":[10,121],"achieve":[11],"smart":[12],"and":[13,29,88,103,118,135,162,174],"reconfigurable":[14],"wireless":[15,48],"communication":[16,59],"environment":[17],"cost-effectively.":[18],"Prior":[19],"works":[20],"on":[21],"IRS":[22],"mainly":[23],"consider":[24],"its":[25],"passive":[26,64,186],"beamforming":[27,65,71,97,108,187],"design":[28,66],"performance":[30,143],"optimization":[31],"without":[32],"the":[33,42,62,69,74,78,83,94,99,104,110,116,123,133,141,145,150,157,176,180],"inter-IRS":[34,75],"signal":[35],"reflection,":[36],"which":[37],"thus":[38],"do":[39],"not":[40],"unveil":[41],"full":[43],"potential":[44],"of":[45,85,128,144,156,179],"multi-IRS":[46],"assisted":[47,57],"networks.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,91,138],"study":[54],"a":[55],"double-IRS":[56,146,182],"multi-user":[58,136,163],"system":[60,148,153,183],"with":[61,82,184],"cooperative":[63,105,147,185],"that":[67],"captures":[68],"multiplicative":[70],"gain":[72],"from":[73],"channel.":[76],"Under":[77],"general":[79],"channel":[80,165],"setup":[81],"co-existence":[84],"both":[86],"double-":[87],"single-reflection":[89],"links,":[90],"jointly":[92],"optimize":[93],"(active)":[95],"receive":[96],"at":[98,109],"base":[100],"station":[101],"(BS)":[102],"(passive)":[106],"reflect":[107],"two":[111],"distributed":[112],"IRSs":[113],"(deployed":[114],"near":[115],"BS":[117],"users,":[119],"respectively)":[120],"maximize":[122],"minimum":[124],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[125],"ratio":[126,160],"(SINR)":[127],"all":[129],"users.":[130],"Moreover,":[131],"for":[132],"single-user":[134],"setups,":[137],"analytically":[139],"show":[140,175],"superior":[142],"over":[149],"conventional":[151],"single-IRS":[152],"in":[154],"terms":[155],"maximum":[158],"signal-to-noise":[159],"(SNR)":[161],"effective":[164],"rank,":[166],"respectively.":[167],"Simulation":[168],"results":[169,173],"validate":[170],"our":[171],"analytical":[172],"practical":[177],"advantages":[178],"proposed":[181],"designs.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}