{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080085895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3054121","title":"Achievable Rate Optimization for MIMO Systems With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","display_name":"Achievable Rate Optimization for MIMO Systems With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080085895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3054121","mag":"3080085895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3054121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3054121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09563","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070133409","display_name":"Nemanja Stefan Perovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5787-2913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nemanja Stefan Perovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","Univ. College Dublin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008843672","display_name":"Le\u2010Nam Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9317-9980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le-Nam Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","Univ. College Dublin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081612175","display_name":"Marco Di Renzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Di Renzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","[CNRS, CentraleSupelec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[CNRS, CentraleSupelec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014330907","display_name":"Mark F. Flanagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-7020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark F. Flanagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070133409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84824488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"3865","last_page":"3882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7947020530700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6551203727722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6100331544876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5841782689094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.5742511749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4940471947193146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.49070608615875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4747909903526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.41795364022254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.41571539640426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.414974570274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3854736089706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.24109622836112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19122380018234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14428701996803284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7947020530700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6551203727722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6100331544876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5841782689094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.5742511749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4940471947193146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49070608615875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4747909903526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.41795364022254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.41571539640426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.414974570274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3854736089706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.24109622836112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19122380018234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14428701996803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3054121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3054121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.09563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.09563","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3080085895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09563.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03372940v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03372940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2021, &#x27E8;10.1109/twc.2021.3054121&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2008.09563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2008.09563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.24433/co.4218231.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24433/co.4218231.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052302","display_name":"Code Ocean","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.09563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.09563","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2675540402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17/CDA/4786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3271398155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"871464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5764670842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRCLA/2017/209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","funder_display_name":"Irish Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","display_name":"Irish Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/051xex213"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969811075","https://openalex.org/W2064191652","https://openalex.org/W2184634347","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2900619600","https://openalex.org/W2941598852","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2981121876","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2995220356","https://openalex.org/W3002205212","https://openalex.org/W3015518827","https://openalex.org/W3017034203","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3024415175","https://openalex.org/W3024567703","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3036886449","https://openalex.org/W3040349383","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3045813453","https://openalex.org/W3045978476","https://openalex.org/W3080375276","https://openalex.org/W3082909930","https://openalex.org/W3088767314","https://openalex.org/W3092363222","https://openalex.org/W3103926693","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3160443215","https://openalex.org/W6686534882","https://openalex.org/W6761393245","https://openalex.org/W6762113363","https://openalex.org/W6772203424","https://openalex.org/W6777300616","https://openalex.org/W6789193635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127184233","https://openalex.org/W2978563415","https://openalex.org/W3087507085","https://openalex.org/W3094327823","https://openalex.org/W3119463785","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3047049366","https://openalex.org/W2997000957","https://openalex.org/W3212047121","https://openalex.org/W3110673546","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2530571264","https://openalex.org/W2182559422","https://openalex.org/W2789886422","https://openalex.org/W2532034413","https://openalex.org/W3183465216","https://openalex.org/W2770098303","https://openalex.org/W3168739648","https://openalex.org/W2308314181","https://openalex.org/W3130028546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surfaces":[2],"(RISs)":[3],"represent":[4],"a":[5,20,50,101,128,154,160,186,194],"new":[6],"technology":[7],"that":[8,76,90,144,169],"can":[9,192],"shape":[10],"the":[11,34,55,59,63,80,87,92,95,113,122,132,137,145,149,170,178],"radio":[12],"wave":[13],"propagation":[14],"in":[15,136,181],"wireless":[16],"networks":[17],"and":[18,26,48,62,98,124],"offers":[19],"great":[21],"variety":[22],"of":[23,54,58,94,121,131,134,189],"possible":[24],"performance":[25],"implementation":[27],"gains.":[28],"Motivated":[29],"by":[30],"this,":[31],"we":[32,70,99,111,167],"study":[33],"achievable":[35,151,179,196],"rate":[36,152,180,197],"optimization":[37,52,74],"for":[38],"multi-stream":[39],"multiple-input":[40],"multiple-output":[41],"(MIMO)":[42],"systems":[43],"equipped":[44],"with":[45,159],"an":[46,72],"RIS,":[47],"formulate":[49],"joint":[51],"problem":[53],"covariance":[56],"matrix":[57],"transmitted":[60],"signal":[61],"RIS":[64,171,190],"elements.":[65],"To":[66],"solve":[67],"this":[68],"problem,":[69],"propose":[71],"iterative":[73],"algorithm":[75,97],"is":[77,173],"based":[78],"on":[79],"projected":[81],"gradient":[82],"method":[83],"(PGM).":[84],"We":[85],"derive":[86],"step":[88],"size":[89],"guarantees":[91],"convergence":[93,108],"proposed":[96,146],"define":[100],"backtracking":[102],"line":[103],"search":[104],"to":[105,176],"improve":[106],"its":[107],"rate.":[109],"Furthermore,":[110],"introduce":[112],"total":[114],"free":[115],"space":[116],"path":[117],"loss":[118],"(FSPL)":[119],"ratio":[120],"indirect":[123],"direct":[125],"links":[126],"as":[127,153,184],"first-order":[129],"measure":[130],"applicability":[133],"RISs":[135],"considered":[138],"communication":[139],"system.":[140],"Simulation":[141],"results":[142],"show":[143],"PGM":[147],"achieves":[148],"same":[150],"state-of-the-art":[155],"benchmark":[156],"scheme,":[157],"but":[158],"significantly":[161],"lower":[162],"computational":[163],"complexity.":[164],"In":[165],"addition,":[166],"demonstrate":[168],"application":[172],"particularly":[174],"suitable":[175],"increase":[177],"indoor":[182],"environments,":[183],"even":[185],"small":[187],"number":[188],"elements":[191],"provide":[193],"substantial":[195],"gain.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2022-07-26T00:00:00"}
