{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134459480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049312","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Reflection Design Against Passive Eavesdropping","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Reflection Design Against Passive Eavesdropping","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134459480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049312","mag":"3134459480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3049312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038040209","display_name":"Junshan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junshan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102985769","display_name":"Fanggang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-7611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanggang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089256340","display_name":"Shilian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4132-8750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014887356","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-2134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391418","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-8259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038040209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9261594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"3350","last_page":"3364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.9436086416244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7257055640220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.6507141590118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6033255457878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5867860317230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5673360228538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5236620306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5013597011566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.45963507890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4535279870033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.43884533643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4200695753097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39330583810806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36293458938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16773736476898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.165684312582016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14175817370414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09096327424049377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.9436086416244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7257055640220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.6507141590118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6033255457878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5867860317230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5673360228538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5236620306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5013597011566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45963507890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4535279870033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.43884533643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4200695753097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39330583810806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36293458938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16773736476898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.165684312582016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14175817370414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09096327424049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3049312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2680719155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1834210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3747751566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1806903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4328356222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZK20-40","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","funder_display_name":"National University of Defense Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5024344455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2019ZT011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980121217","https://openalex.org/W1992670341","https://openalex.org/W2014558057","https://openalex.org/W2037813469","https://openalex.org/W2112732871","https://openalex.org/W2122988249","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2339656261","https://openalex.org/W2600080053","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2799783748","https://openalex.org/W2801689992","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2922600782","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2950680381","https://openalex.org/W2953226670","https://openalex.org/W2963907541","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2975158636","https://openalex.org/W2975790550","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2994742101","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3009563387","https://openalex.org/W3022434579","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3034734540","https://openalex.org/W3035192482","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3045793887","https://openalex.org/W3094428664","https://openalex.org/W3100218246","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3100695911","https://openalex.org/W3103026331","https://openalex.org/W3108462255","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4300850042","https://openalex.org/W6770008511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W4250215096","https://openalex.org/W2119209917","https://openalex.org/W2145047504","https://openalex.org/W2159179523","https://openalex.org/W2786811319","https://openalex.org/W2972651196","https://openalex.org/W1558892308","https://openalex.org/W4391496545","https://openalex.org/W2121958417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,149,184],"reconfigurable":[1],"intelligent":[2],"surface":[3],"(RIS)":[4],"is":[5,28,49,72,128,229],"envisioned":[6],"to":[7,51,60,76,201,231,261],"create":[8],"ultra-secure":[9],"wireless":[10,267],"networks.":[11,268],"Previous":[12],"works":[13],"on":[14],"the":[15,25,53,78,88,91,97,100,118,121,124,131,136,142,145,170,176,188,196,203,211,217,226,234,249,263,266],"RIS-assisted":[16],"security":[17,84,264],"provisioning":[18],"techniques":[19],"assumed":[20],"wiretap":[21],"channel":[22,69,126,205],"information":[23,71],"at":[24,90,117,130,147],"transmitter,":[26],"which":[27,46,165],"practically":[29],"unavailable":[30],"in":[31,45,103,111],"a":[32,41,47,57,61,83,221,252,258],"passive":[33,66],"eavesdropping":[34],"scenario.":[35],"In":[36,134],"this":[37,153],"article,":[38],"we":[39],"consider":[40],"point-to-point":[42],"anti-eavesdropping":[43],"system":[44],"RIS":[48,92,250],"used":[50],"enable":[52],"secure":[54,162,190],"transmission":[55,113,163,191],"from":[56],"multi-antenna":[58,62],"transmitter":[59,197],"legitimate":[63,132,218],"receiver.":[64,133],"A":[65],"eavesdropper,":[67],"whose":[68],"state":[70],"completely":[73],"unknown,":[74],"attempts":[75],"decode":[77],"secret":[79],"messages.":[80],"We":[81],"propose":[82],"approach":[85],"by":[86],"using":[87],"reflection":[89,101,122,157,212],"as":[93,251],"multiplicative":[94,235,255],"randomness":[95,146,236,256],"against":[96],"wiretapper.":[98],"Specifically,":[99],"coefficients":[102,213],"terms":[104],"of":[105,144,152,169,178,187,254,265],"amplitude":[106],"and":[107,114,159,182,237],"phase":[108],"are":[109,155,193,214],"updated":[110],"each":[112],"kept":[115],"private":[116],"RIS.":[119,148],"Through":[120],"designs,":[123],"effective":[125],"matrix":[127],"diagonalized":[129],"contrast,":[135],"eavesdropper":[137],"receives":[138],"coupled":[139],"signals":[140],"with":[141],"weights":[143],"main":[150,185],"contributions":[151],"article":[154],"three":[156,161],"designs":[158],"correspondingly":[160],"schemes,":[164],"fulfills":[166],"diverse":[167],"requirements":[168],"balance":[171],"amongst":[172],"performance":[173],"metrics":[174],"including":[175],"degrees":[177],"randomness,":[179],"spectral":[180],"efficiency,":[181],"reliability.":[183],"benefits":[186],"proposed":[189],"schemes":[192],"four-fold.":[194],"First,":[195],"does":[198],"not":[199],"need":[200],"know":[202],"eavesdropper's":[204],"states.":[206],"Second,":[207],"closed-form":[208],"solutions":[209],"for":[210],"provided.":[215],"Third,":[216],"receiver":[219],"has":[220],"linear":[222],"decoding":[223],"complexity.":[224],"Fourth,":[225],"unauthorized":[227],"wiretapper":[228],"unable":[230],"cancel":[232],"out":[233],"thus":[238],"cannot":[239],"extract":[240],"much":[241],"useful":[242],"information.":[243],"Numerical":[244],"results":[245],"show":[246],"that":[247],"exploiting":[248],"source":[253],"provides":[257],"new":[259],"perspective":[260],"improve":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}